Entire nodal solutions to the pure critical exponent problem arising from concentration

Entire solutions to PDEs (35B08) Critical exponents in context of PDEs (35B33) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Blow-up in context of PDEs (35B44) Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations (35J20) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Semilinear elliptic equations (35J61)

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The paper concerns the existence of symmetric sign-changing solutions to the problem \((P_\infty):\) \(-\Delta u=|u|^{2^*-2}u\) on the space \(D^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)\) for \(N\geq4\) and \(2^*=2N/(N-2)\) being the critical Sobolev exponent. Let \(\Gamma\) be a closed subgroup of \(O(N)\) and \(\phi:\Gamma\rightarrow \{1,-1\}\) be a continuous homomorphism of groups. Next, assume that \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^N\) is a bounded \(\Gamma\)-invariant domain and consider a solution \(u\) to the boundary value problem \((P_p):\) \(-\Delta u=|u|^{p-2}u\), \(u=0\) on \(\partial \Omega\) satisfying \(u(\gamma x)=\phi(\gamma)u(x)\) for all \(\gamma\in\Gamma,x\in\Omega\). Note that, if \(\phi\) is is surjective, then any such non-zero solution is sign-changing. The main result gives a description of the asymptotic behaviour as \(p\rightarrow 2^*\) of sequences of solutions of the problems \((P_p)\). More precisely, it is proved that any sequence of minimizers on the corresponding Nehari manifolds either converges to a nontrivial solution (a minimizer) of the problem \((P_{2^*})\), or they blow up with asymptotic profiles described by a solution \(w\) of the problem \((P_\infty)\). The solution \(w\) itself satisfies \(w(\gamma x)=\phi(\gamma)w(x)\) for all \(\gamma\in K,x\in\mathbb{R}^N\) where \(K\) is a closed subgroup of finite index in \(\Gamma\). Several consequences are deduced. First, let \(\mathbb{R}^N\) be identified with \(\mathbb{C}\times\mathbb{C}\times\mathbb{R}^{N-4}\). It is shown that there exists a non-radial sign-changing solution \(\omega(z_1,z_2,x)\) of problem \((P_\infty)\) satisfying \(\omega(z_1,z_2,x)=\omega(e^{i\theta}z_1,e^{i\theta}z_2,x)\), for all \(\theta\in[0,2\pi]\) and \(\omega(z_1,z_2,x)=-\omega(-\bar{z}_2,\bar{z}_1,x)\). As another application, it is presented a new type of concentration for sequences of solutions to the problems \((P_p)\) as \(p\rightarrow 2^*\). These solutions blow up at a single point, but their asymptotic profile is neither a standard bubble nor a superposition of bubbles. In addition, new sign-changing solutions to the Bahri-Coron problem \((P_{2^*})\) in annular domains are obtained.

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