Sharp threshold of global existence and blow-up of the combined nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation

Blow-up in context of PDEs (35B44) Strong solutions to PDEs (35D35) Initial value problems for second-order hyperbolic equations (35L15) Second-order semilinear hyperbolic equations (35L71)

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The authors study the Cauchy problem for the nonlinear combined Klein-Gordon equation in $H^1(\mathbb{R}^d)\times L_2(\mathbb{R}^d)$, $d\geqslant 3$: \begin{align*} & u_{tt}-\Delta u+u=|u|^{p-1}u-|u|^{q-1}u,\quad (t,x)\in\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}^d, \\ & u(0,x)=u_0\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^d),\qquad u_t(0,x)=u_1\in L_2(\mathbb{R}^d), \end{align*} where $1+4/d<q<p\leqslant 1+4/(d-2)$. Strong solutions to this problem are considered. A function $u\in C(I;H^1)\cap C^1(I;L_2)$ is a strong solution on a time interval $I$ if it satisfies the corresponding Duhamel formula in the sense of tempered distributions. \par Denote \begin{align*} &\mathcal{K}^+:=\left\{(\varphi,\psi)\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^d)\times L_2(\mathbb{R}^d):\, E(\varphi,\psi)<m_{\alpha,\beta},\ K_{\alpha,\beta}(\varphi)\geqslant 0\right\}, \\ &\mathcal{K}_{\alpha, \beta}(\varphi)=\frac{d}{d\lambda}\bigg|_{\lambda =0} E\left(\varphi^\lambda_{\alpha, \beta}\right)\text{ with }\varphi_{\alpha, \beta}^\lambda(x)=e^{\alpha, \lambda}\varphi(e^{-\beta\lambda}x), \\ &E(\varphi):=\frac{1}{2} \int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^d} (|\nabla\varphi|^2 +|\varphi|^2)\,dx -\frac{1}{p+1}\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^d} |\varphi|^{p+1}\,dx + \frac{1}{q+1}\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^d} |\varphi|^{q+1}\,dx, \\ &m_{\alpha,b}:=\frac{1}{2}\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^d} \left( |\nabla Q|^2+|Q|^2\right)\,dx-\frac{1}{p+1}\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^d} |Q|^{p+1}\,dx + \frac{1}{q+1}\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^d} |Q|^{q+1}\,dx \qquad \text{as}\quad p<1+\frac{4}{d-2}, \\ &m_{\alpha,\beta}:= \int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^d} \left(\frac{1}{2}|\nabla W|^2-\frac{1}{2^*}|W|^{2^*}\right)\,dx \quad \text{as}\quad p=1+\frac{4}{d-2}, \end{align*} where $W\in \dot{H}^1(\mathbb{R}^d)$ is the ground state of the massless equation $-\Delta W=|W|^{\frac{4}{d-2}}W$, and $Q\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^d)$ is the ground state of the equation $-Q+\Delta Q -|Q|^{p-1}Q+|Q|^{q-1}Q=0$. \par The main result is as follows. \par Theorem. Assume $d\geqslant 3$. Let $(u_0, u_1)\in (H^1(\mathbb{R}^d)\times L_2(\mathbb{R}^d))$ and $u$ be the $H^1$-solution and $I$ be its maximal interval of existence. If $1+4/d<q<p< 1+4/(d-2)$ and $(u_0, u_1)\in\mathcal{K}^+$, then $I =\mathbb{R}$, that is, the solution $u$ exists globally. If $1+4/d<q<p\leqslant 1+4/(d-2)$ and $(u_0, u_1)\in\mathcal{K}^+$, then $u$ blows up both forward and backward in finite time.

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