Divisibility and laws in finite simple groups.
Symmetric groups (20B30) Finite simple groups and their classification (20D05) Simple groups: alternating groups and groups of Lie type (20D06) Free nonabelian groups (20E05) Subgroup theorems; subgroup growth (20E07) Residual properties and generalizations; residually finite groups (20E26) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Asymptotic properties of groups (20F69) Probabilistic methods in group theory (20P05) Combinatorics on words (68R15)
For any group \(\Gamma\), the divisibility function \(D_\Gamma\colon\Gamma\to\mathbb N\cup\{\infty\}\) is defined by \(D_\Gamma(\gamma)=\min\{[\Gamma:\Lambda]\mid\Lambda<\Gamma,\;\gamma\notin\Lambda\}\). Let \(\mathbf F_2\) be the free group with two generators and \(S=\{a,a^{-1},b, b^{-1}\}\) its natural symmetric generating set. Denote the associated word length function by \(|\cdot|\colon\mathbf F_2\to\mathbb N\) and set \(D_{\mathbf F_2}(n)=\max\{D_{\mathbf F_2}(\gamma)\mid\gamma\in\mathbf F_2,\;|\gamma|\leq n\}\). For a group \(\Gamma\), we say that \(\Gamma\) satisfies the (two-variable) law \(w\in\mathbf F_2\) if \(w(g,h)=e\) for any \(g,h\in\Gamma\). In the given paper, the authors provide new bounds for \(D_{\mathbf F_2}(n)\) and construct short laws for the symmetric groups \(\mathrm{Sym}(n)\). The construction is random and relies on the classification of finite simple groups. They also give bounds on the length of laws for finite simple groups of Lie type.
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