On wild ramification in quaternion extensions

DOI10.5802/JTNB.576MaRDI QIDQ2642758zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Gove Griffith Elder, J. Hooper

Publication date 4 September 2007

Published in Journal de Théorie des Nombres de Bordeaux (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0511176, http://www.numdam.org/item?id=JTNB_2007__19_1_101_0, https://eudml.org/doc/10780

zbMATH Keywords

biquadratic extensionsquaternion extensionsramification jumps

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Integral representations related to algebraic numbers; Galois module structure of rings of integers (11R33)

Abstract: Quaternion extensions are often the smallest extensions to exhibit special properties. In the setting of the Hasse-Arf Theorem, for instance, quaternion extensions are used to illustrate the fact that upper ramification numbers need not be integers. These extensions play a similar role in Galois module structure. To better understand these examples, we catalog the ramification filtrations that are possible in totally ramified extensions of dyadic number fields. Interestingly, we find that the catalog depends, for sharp lower bounds, upon the refined ramification filtration, which is associated with the biquatratic subfield. Moreover these examples, as counter-examples to the conclusion of Hasse-Arf, occur only when the refined filtration is, in two different ways, extreme.

Review text

As the authors point out at the beginning, quaternion extensions are popular as test objects in Galois module structure and elsewhere (it suffices to mention early work of \textit{J. Martinet} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 4, 399--408 (1971; Zbl 0219.12012)] and \textit{A. Fröhlich} [Invent. Math. 17, 143--166 (1972; Zbl 0261.12008)] on rings of integers in such extensions, and the ``Quaternionic Exercises of \textit{T. Chinburg} et al. [Fields Inst. Commun. 16, 1--29 (1997; Zbl 0886.11063), Algebraic \(K\)-theory and its applications. Proceedings of the workshop and symposium, ICTP, Trieste, Italy, September 1--19, 1997. Singapore: World Scientific. 337--369 (1999; Zbl 0983.11068)]. In the present paper, the authors completely describe the possible ramification patterns which occur for totally (wildly) ramified quaternion extensions \(N\) of dyadic fields \(K\) which contain a fourth root of unity. Good use is made of a recent innovation due to the first author, the so-called refined ramification filtration. This is useful if the biquadratic extension \(M/K\) inside \(N\) is too homogeneous, that is, all three quadratic subfields have the same break number. The methods are very explicit, and rather technical. The extension \(N/M\) is obtained by adjoining a square root of an element of \(M\) which is subject to many constraints. Its ``defect (loosely speaking, its 2-adic distance to 1) determines the break number of \(N/M\); of course the possible values here depend on the break numbers (classical or refined) of \(M/K\). It is not feasible to precisely describe the results in a review. Suffice it to say that they are complete, well explained, and that they allow to describe with precision just when the Hasse-Arf theorem (integrality of break numbers in the upper numbering) fails for \(N/K\); as the authors explain, this is a rare event. It might be interesting to look at this phenomenon for Galois groups which are (with apologies for the expression) ``even less commutative than the quaternion group.

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Cited in

(4)

• On the construction of normal wildly ramified extensions over \(\mathbb Q_p\), \((p\neq 2)\)
• On the necessity of new ramification breaks
• A generalization of Froehlich's theorem to wildly ramified quaternion extensions of \(\mathbb Q\)
• Biquadratic Extensions with One Break

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