Maxwell's equations with a polarization independent wave velocity: direct and inverse problems

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2006.01.008MaRDI QIDQ2643836zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors M. Lassas, Erkki Somersalo, Yaroslav Kurylev

Publication date 27 August 2007

Published in Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0212291

bounded smooth domain coefficient inverse problem differential forms domain reconstruction Hodge-type operators material parameters Riemannian manifold uniqueness

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

PDEs in connection with optics and electromagnetic theory (35Q60) Inverse problems for PDEs (35R30) Hyperbolic equations on manifolds (58J45) Electromagnetic theory (general) (78A25)

Abstract: The article deals with electrodynamics in the presence of anisotropic materials having scalar wave impedance. Maxwell's equations written for differential forms over a 3-manifold are analysed. The system is extended to a Dirac type first order elliptic system on the Grassmannian bundle over the manifold. The second part of the article deals with the dynamical inverse boundary value problem of determining the electromagnetic material parameters from boundary measurements. By using the boundary control method, it is proved that the dynamical boundary data determines the electromagnetic travel time metric as well as the scalar wave impedance on the manifold. This invariant result leads also to a complete characterization of the non-uniqueness of the corresponding inverse problem in bounded domains of R^3. AMS-classifications: 35R30, 35L20, 58J45

Review text

The article concerns direct and inverse boundary value problems for Maxwell's equations on a compact Riemannian manifold \(M\) with boundary. For the particular case of a bounded smooth domain \(M\subset\mathbb{R}^3\), Maxwell's equations read \[ \text{curl}\,E(x,t)=-B_t(x,t),\quad\text{curl}\,H(x,t)=D_t(x,t) \] with the constitutive relations \[ D(x,t)= \varepsilon(x)E(x,t),\quad B(x,t)=\mu(x)H(x,t) \] (where \(\varepsilon(x)\) and \(\mu(x)\) are positive \(3\times 3\)-matrices) and the initial-boundary conditions are \[ E(x,0)=H(x,0)=0,\;n\times E=f\quad\text{(on } \partial M\times\mathbb{R}_+) \] (where \(n\) is the unit normal vector to \(\partial M)\). The inverse problem is the problem of describing parameters \(\varepsilon(x)\) and \(\mu(x)\) having the same admittance map \(Z\:n \times E\mapsto n\times H\). It is shown that in the isotropic case, the boundary data given on an open part of the boundary determine both the domain and the (constants) \(\varepsilon\) and \(\mu\) uniquely. In general, the analysis is based on a geometrical formulation of the problem in terms of Riemannian geometry. Maxwell's equations and the material parameters \(\varepsilon(x)\), \(\mu(x)\) are reformulated on terms of differential forms and Hodge-type operators \(*_0\) (the primary metric), \(*_\varepsilon\) and \(*_\mu\) (metrics related to \(\varepsilon (x),\mu(x))\). The article is adressed to the independent wave velocity case \(g_\varepsilon^{ij}=\alpha^4g^{ij}_\mu\) where \(\alpha=\alpha (x)>0\) is a proportionality factor (the scalar wave impedance). The main result concerns the global reconstruction of the shape of the 3-manifold \(M\), the underlying metric \(g_0\) on \(M\) and the scalar wave impedance \(\alpha\) (which is equivalent to the reconstruction of \(\varepsilon\) and \(\mu\)). Moreover, for the anisotropic inverse problem for bounded domains in \(\mathbb{R}^3\), the non-uniqueness is characterized by the class of symmetries of the material tensors. Very clear exposition.

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