A note on some applications of the subspace theorem
Let \(f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_nz^n\) be a power series with rational integer coefficients, converging in \(|z|< R\). Let \(b\) be a rational number with \(0< |b| < R\). Set \(S_n=\sum_{\nu =0}^{n}a_{\nu}b^{\nu}\). Let \(p_n\) be the largest prime divisor of the numerator in \(S_n\). \textit{V. Laohakosol} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 93, 212--214 (1985; Zbl 0558.10030)] showed: \begin{itemize} \item If \(f(b)\) is a nonzero algebraic number, then \(\lim\sup_{n\to\infty}p_n=\infty\), \item If \(f(b)\) is an algebraic irrational number, then \(\lim_{n\to\infty}p_n=\infty\). \end{itemize} In this article, the authors prove a similar result for a certain rational approximation of a power series. One of the main results of the paper is the following: Let \(f(z)= \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_nz^n\) be a power series with integer coefficients and converging in the disc \(D = \{z : |z| < R\}\). Let \((j_n)_n\) and \((k_n)_n\) be two sequences of natural numbers with \(\limsup k_n=\infty\) and let \(r\in D\) be a rational such that \(0< |r|< 1\). Let \[ g_n(r) = a_0 + a_1r +\dots+a_{j_n} r^{j_n}+ (a_{j_n+1}r^{j_n+1} +\dots +a_{j_n+k_n} r^{j_n+k_n})(1 + r^{k_n} + r^{2k_n} +\ldots). \] Let \(p_n\) denote the largest prime divisor of the numerator of \(g_n(r)\). If \(f(r)\) is an algebraic irrational number, then \(\lim_{n\to\infty}p_n = \infty\). The proof relies on Schmidt's subspace theorem.
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