Realizability of tropical canonical divisors

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Publication:2659433



Abstract: We use recent results by Bainbridge-Chen-Gendron-Grushevsky-Moeller on compactifications of strata of abelian differentials to give a comprehensive solution to the realizability problem for effective tropical canonical divisors in equicharacteristic zero. Given a pair (Gamma,D) consisting of a stable tropical curve Gamma and a divisor D in the canonical linear system on Gamma, we give a purely combinatorial condition to decide whether there is a smooth curve X over a non-Archimedean field whose stable reduction has Gamma as its dual tropical curve together with a effective canonical divisor KX that specializes to D. Along the way, we develop a moduli-theoretic framework to understand Baker's specialization of divisors from algebraic to tropical curves as a natural toroidal tropicalization map in the sense of Abramovich-Caporaso-Payne.


This paper studies the realizability problem for effective tropical canonical divisors in equicharacteristic zero. More precisely, given a stable tropical curve \(\Gamma\) and a divisor \(D\) in the canonical linear system on \(\Gamma\), the authors provide a combinatorial condition to decide when there exists a smooth curve \(X\) over a non-Archimedean field whose stable reduction has \(\Gamma\) as its dual tropical curve together with an effective canonical divisor \(K_X\) that specializes to \(D\). The proof of the result relies on the description of the incidence variety compactification of the strata of abelian differentials with prescribed orders of zeros by \textit{M. Bainbridge} et al. [Duke Math. J. 167, No. 12, 2347--2416 (2018; Zbl 1403.14058)], where the dual graph \(\Gamma\) is equipped with an enhanced level structure and certain residue conditions have to be satisfied. The authors translate these conditions into tropical geometry and solve the corresponding combinatorial problem. In particular, the result implies that the canonical divisor \(K_\Gamma\) on \(\Gamma\) is in general not realizable. The authors also develop a moduli-theoretic framework to understand specialization of divisors from algebraic to tropical curves as a natural toroidal tropicalization map in the sense of \textit{D. Abramovich} et al. [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 48, No. 4, 765--809 (2015; Zbl 1410.14049)].



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