Crystallographic groups and flat manifolds from surface braid groups

Braid groups; Artin groups (20F36) Other geometric groups, including crystallographic groups (20H15) Geometric structures on manifolds of high or arbitrary dimension (57N16)

Abstract: Let

M

be a compact surface without boundary, and

n g e q 2

. We analyse the quotient group

B_{n} (M) / G a m m a_{2} (P_{n} (M))

of the surface braid group

B_{n} (M)

by the commutator subgroup

G a m m a_{2} (P_{n} (M))

of the pure braid group

P_{n} (M)

. If

M

is different from the

2

-sphere

m a t h b b S^{2}

, we prove that

B_{n} (M) / G a m m a_{2} (P_{n} (M))

is isomorphic rho

P_{n} (M) / G a m m a_{2} (P_{n} (M)) t i m e s_{v a r p h i} S_{n}

, and that

B_{n} (M) / G a m m a_{2} (P_{n} (M))

is a crystallographic group if and only if

M

is orientable. If

M

is orientable, we prove a number of results regarding the structure of

B_{n} (M) / G a m m a_{2} (P_{n} (M))

. We characterise the finite-order elements of this group, and we determine the conjugacy classes of these elements. We also show that there is a single conjugacy class of finite subgroups of

B_{n} (M) / G a m m a_{2} (P_{n} (M))

isomorphic either to

S_{n}

or to certain Frobenius groups. We prove that crystallographic groups whose image by the projection

B_{n} (M) / G a m m a_{2} (P_{n} (M)) o S_{n}

is a Frobenius group are not Bieberbach groups. Finally, we construct a family of Bieberbach subgroups

i l d e G_{n, g}

of

B_{n} (M) / G a m m a_{2} (P_{n} (M))

of dimension

2 n g

and whose holonomy group is the finite cyclic group of order

n

, and if

m a t h c a l X_{n, g}

is a flat manifold whose fundamental group is

i l d e G_{n, g}

, we prove that it is an orientable K"ahler manifold that admits Anosov diffeomorphisms.

Review text

The authors studied in [J. Algebra 474, 393--423 (2017; Zbl 1367.20034); J. Algebra 524, 160--186 (2019; Zbl 1450.20006); Ann. Inst. Fourier 70, No. 5, 2005--2025 (2020; Zbl 1493.20010)] the quotient \(B_n/\Gamma_2(P_n),\) where \(B_n\) is the \(n\)-string Artin braid group, \(P_n\) is the subgroup of \(B_n\) of pure braids, and \(\Gamma_2(P_n)\) is the commutator subgroup of \(P_n\). Then, they proved in [J. Algebra 474, 393--423 (2017; Zbl 1367.20034)] that this quotient is a crystallographic group. \par Let \(M\) be a compact, connected surface, and let \(n\ge 1\). In this paper, the authors study the quotient \(B_n(M)/\Gamma_2(P_n(M))\) of the \(n\)-string braid group \(B_n(M)\) of \(M\), where \(Γ_2(P_n(M))\) is the commutator subgroup of the \(n\)-string pure braid group \(P_n(M)\) of \(M\), one of their aims being to decide whether it is crystallographic or not. If \(M\) is an orientable, compact, connected surface of genus \(g\ge 1\) without boundary, they prove that \(B_n(M)/\Gamma_2(P_n(M))\) is crystallographic. Next, the authors study some Bieberbach subgroups of \(B_n(M)/\Gamma_2(P_n(M))\) whose construction is suggested by that of the Bieberbach subgroups of \(B_n/\Gamma_2(P_n)\) given by the third author in [J. Knot Theory Ramifications 30, No. 9, Article ID 2150069, 19 p. (2021; Zbl 07459708)]. Finally, the authors construct a family of Bieberbach subgroups \(\tilde{G}_{n,g}\) of \(B_n(M)/\Gamma_2(P_n(M))\) of dimension \(2ng\) and whose holonomy group is the finite cyclic group of order \(n\). If \(\mathcal{X}_{n,g}\) is a flat manifold whose fundamental group is \(\tilde{G}_{n,g}\), they prove that it is an orientable Kähler manifold that admits Anosov diffeomorphisms.

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