On the conical Novikov homology

DOI10.1007/S40879-019-00376-XMaRDI QIDQ2663785zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 20 April 2021

Published in European Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.09725

2-knot Morse-Novikov number Novikov complex spun knot

Knot theory (57K10) Higher-dimensional knots and links (57K45) Differentiable mappings in differential topology (57R35) Singularities of differentiable mappings in differential topology (57R45) Critical points and critical submanifolds in differential topology (57R70)

Abstract: Let

o m e g a

be a Morse form on a manifold

M

. Let

p : h a t M o M

be a regular covering with structure group

G

, such that

p^{*} ([o m e g a]) = 0

. Let

x i : G o m a t h b f R

be the corresponding period homomorphism. Denote by

{h a t L a m b d a}_{x} i

the Novikov completion of the group ring

m a t h b f Z G

. Choose a transverse

o m e g a

-gradient

v

. Counting the flow lines of

v

one defines the Novikov complex

m a t h c a l N_{*}

freely generated over

{h a t L a m b d a}_{x} i

by the set of zeroes of

o m e g a

. In this paper we introduce a refinement of this construction. We define a subring

h a t L a m b d a_{G} a m m a

of

{h a t L a m b d a}_{x} i

and show that the Novikov complex

m a t h c a l N_{*}

is defined actually over

h a t L a m b d a_{G} a m m a

and computes the homology of the chain complex

C_{*} (h a t M) u n d e r s e t L a m b d a o t i m e s h a t L a m b d a_{G} a m m a

. When

G a p p r o x m a t h b f Z^{2}

, and the irrationality degree of

x i

equals 2, the ring

h a t L a m b d a_{G} a m m a

is isomorphic to the ring of series in

2

variables

x, y

of the form

s u m_{r i n m a t h b f N} a_{r} x^{n_{r}} y^{m_{r}}

where

a_{r}, n_{r}, m_{r} i n m a t h b f Z

and both

n_{r}, m_{r}

converge to

i n f t y

when

r o i n f t y

. The algebraic part of the proof is based on a suitable generalization of the classical algorithm of approximating irrational numbers by rationals. The geometric part is a straightforward generalization of the author's proof of the particular case of this theorem concerning the circle-valued Morse maps. In Appendix 1 we give an overview of E. Pitcher's work on circle-valued Morse theory (1939). We show that Pitcher's lower bounds for the number of critical points of a circle-valued Morse map coincide with the torsion-free part of the Novikov inequalities. In Appendix 2 we construct a circle-valued Morse map and its gradient such that its unique Novikov incidence coefficient is a power series in one variable with an arbitrarily small convergence radius.

Review text

In 1981, S. P. Novikov initiated an analog of Morse theory for \textit{Morse forms} (closed 1-forms with Morse singularities) on a closed manifold. For a \textit{rational} Morse form (one with commensurable periods), he outlined a construction of a chain complex generated by singularities of such a form [\textit{S. P. Novikov}, Sov. Math., Dokl. 24, 222--226 (1981; Zbl 0505.58011); translation from Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 260, 31--35 (1981)]. In 1995, the author of this paper further studied the Novikov complex of a rational form in more detail [\textit{A. V. Pazhitnov}, Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse, Math. (6) 4, No. 2, 297--338 (1995; Zbl 0859.57031)]. In this paper, the author extends his study to Morse forms with incommensurable periods. Namely, he constructs the Novikov complex of such a form over the so-called \textit{conical completion} of some ring, using approximation by rational Morse forms. Then properties of the constructed complex follow from those for rational forms, studied previously by the author. As a side note, circle-valued Morse functions were studied long before Novikov. An overview of a 1939 work on this topic [\textit{E. Pitcher}, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 25, 428--431 (1939; Zbl 0022.08404)] is given in an appendix.

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