Finite submodules of Iwasawa modules for multi-variable extensions

Let \(E/\mathbb{Q}\) be an imaginary quadratic field, let \(p\in \mathbb{Z}\) be a prime which splits in \(E\) and denote by \(\widetilde{E}\) the \(\mathbb{Z}_p^2\)-extension of \(E\). Fix a finite extension \(K/\widetilde{E}\) such that \(p\nmid [K:\widetilde{E}]\) and \(K/E\) is abelian: denote by \(\Lambda :=\mathbb{Z}_p[[\mathrm{Gal}(K/E)]]\) the associated Iwasawa algebra and by \(\Delta\) the group \(\mathrm{Gal}(K/\widetilde{E})\). The paper studies the maximal finite submodule \(X(K)_{\mathrm{fin}}\) of the \(\Lambda\)-module \(X(K):=\mathrm{Gal}(L(K)/K)\) (where, for any field \(F\), \(L(F)\) is the maximal abelian unramified pro-\(p\)-extension of \(F\)) providing conditions for its vanishing, examples in which it is nontrivial and a way to compute its cardinality in the latter case. Using the arithmetic complex \(C_\Sigma\) of kernels of restriction maps between global and local Iwasawa cohomology groups (where \(\Sigma\) is a finite set of primes containing the infinite ones and the ones dividing \(p\)) and the results of his [``Higher codimension behavior in equivariant Iwasawa theory for CM-fields, Preprint, \url{arXiv:2103.13707}], the author is able to consider \(X(K)_{\mathrm{fin}}\) as the cohomology group \(H^2(C_\Sigma)_{\mathrm{fin}}\) and then proves that the latter is zero in a number of cases: in particular when the Euler characteristic \(\chi_\Lambda(C_\Sigma)\) is 1 and \(H^2(C_\Sigma)\) is pseudo-null. The main consequence is that \(X(K)_{\mathrm{fin}}\) is a quotient of \(\mathbb{Z}_p(1)\), hence all its \(\psi\)-components (with \(\psi\) a character of \(\Delta\) different from the Teichmüller character \(\omega\)) are trivial. For the \(\omega\)-component, assuming \(X(K)^\omega\) and \(X(K)^{\mathbf{1}}\) are pseudo-null, the author uses his reinterpretation in terms of complexes of the results of \textit{F. M. Bleher} et al. [J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 24, No. 3, 967--1005 (2022; Zbl 1494.11091)] to compute \[ \# X(K)_{\mathrm{fin}}^\omega = [M_p(E):\widetilde{E}] \] (where \(M_p(E)\) is the maximal abelian pro-\(p\)-extension of \(E\) unramified outside \(p\)). With some computation and some known results on \(X(\widetilde{E})\) and \(X(E)\), this provides examples of nontrivial \(X(K)_{\mathrm{fin}}\) for \(E=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-d})\) with \(d=107, 302, 363, 419\).

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