Bispectrality of AG₂ Calogero-Moser-Sutherland system
Particular ordinary differential operators (Dirac, one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.) (34L40) Completely integrable finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, integration methods, integrability tests (37J35) Relations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems with Lie algebras and other algebraic structures (37J37) Relations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems with algebraic geometry, complex analysis, special functions (37J38) Completely integrable discrete dynamical systems (37J70) Special quantum systems, such as solvable systems (81Q80)
The aim of this paper is to consider the generalised Calogero-Moser-Sutherland quantum integrable system associated to the configuration of vectors \(AG_2\), which is a union of the root systems \(A_2\) and \(G_2\). The authors establish the existence of and construct a Baker-Akhiezer function for the system, and they show that it satisfies bispectrality. They also find two corresponding dual difference operators of rational Macdonald-Ruijsenaars type in an explicit form. This paper is organized as follows: Section 1 is an introduction to the subject. Section 2 deals with Baker-Akhiezer functions. The authors recall the notion of a multidimensional Baker-Akhiezer function associated with a configuration following [\textit{O. A. Chalykh} and \textit{A. P. Veselov}, Commun. Math. Phys. 126, No. 3, 597--611 (1990; Zbl 0746.47025); \textit{A. P. Veselov} et al., Theor. Math. Phys. 94, No. 2, 1 (1993; Zbl 0805.47070); translation from Teor. Mat. Fiz. 94, No. 2, 253--275 (1993)], and they generalise it to a case when the root system has proportional vectors. It is shown that if such a function exists then it is an eigenfunction for the generalised Calogero-Moser-Sutherland operator. Section 3 is devoted to generalised Macdonald-Ruijsenaars operators. Here, the authors give a general Ansatz for the dual generalised Macdonald-Ruijsenaars difference operators with rational coefficients, and they find sufficient conditions for these operators to preserve a space of quasi-invariant analytic functions. Section 4 deals with bispectral dual difference operator for \(AG_2\). Here the authors find a difference operator \(\mathcal{D}_1\) related to the configuration \(AG_2\) which satisfies the conditions from Section 3. In Section 5, they use this operator and employ the method from [\textit{O. A. Chalykh}, J. Math. Phys. 41, No. 8, 5139--5167 (2000; Zbl 0987.81038)] to show that the Baker-Akhiezer function for the configuration \(AG_2\) exists, and they express this function by iterated action of the operator. They also show that the Baker-Akhiezer function is an eigenfunction of the operator \(\mathcal{D}_1\), thus establishing bispectral duality. More precisely, the Baker-Akhiezer function will be an eigenfunction for the difference operator from Section 4, which establishes bispectrality of the Calogero-Moser-Sutherland \(AG_2\) Hamiltonian for integer coupling parameters. In Section 6, the authors present another difference operator (dual operator \(\mathcal{D}_2\)) for the configuration \(AG_2\) which preserves the quasi-invariants. They also give the corresponding second construction of the Baker-Akhiezer function, thus establishing the corresponding statements for this operator analogous to the ones from Sections 4 and 5. Section 7 is devotes to a relation with \(A_2\) and \(A_1\) Macdonald-Ruijsenaars Systems. They consider a version of the operator \(\mathcal{D}_1\) from Section 4 for the root system \(A_1\) and decompose it into a sum of two non-symmetric commuting difference operators. They relate these operators with the standard Macdonald-Ruijsenaars operator for the ``minuscule weight of the root system \(A_1\).
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