On some generalizations of the Kirch's ideal
arithmetic progressionsGolomb's topologyideals of nowhere dense setsideals on countable setsKirch's topology
Other combinatorial set theory (03E05) Primes (11A41) Density, gaps, topology (11B05) Arithmetic progressions (11B25) Topological spaces and generalizations (closure spaces, etc.) (54A05) Several topologies on one set (change of topology, comparison of topologies, lattices of topologies) (54A10) Connected and locally connected spaces (general aspects) (54D05)
There are several topologies on the set \(\mathbb{N}\) of natural numbers that can be defined through arithmetic progressions; for example, the Furstenberg topology is generated by all the sets \(\{an+b\}\) with \(b\leq a\), the Golomb topology by all such sequences with \(a,b\) coprime, and the Kirch topology by all sequences with \(a,b\) coprime and \(a\) squarefree. These topologies have been generalized in [\textit{P. Szyszkowska}, Topology Appl. 314, Article ID 108096, 8 p. (2022; Zbl 1495.54015)] by considering, for every integer \(m\), the topology \(\mathcal{T}_m\) generated by the arithmetic progressions \(\{an+b\}\) such that \(l_p(a)\leq m\) for every prime \(p\), where \(l_p(a)\) is the largest integer \(k\) such that \(p^k\) divides \(a\). In this paper, the authors further generalize this notion by using a sequence instead of the number \(n\): that is, given a sequence \((\alpha_n)\) of nonnegative integers that is not eventually zero, they define the topology \(\mathcal{T}_{(\alpha_n)}\) as the one generated by the arithmetic progressions \(\{an+b\}\) such that \(l_{p_i}(a)\leq\alpha_i\) for every \(i\), where \(p_i\) is the \(i\)-th prime; this definition generalizes the Kirch and the Kirch-like topologies \(\mathcal{T}_m\), which are obtained by taking constant sequences. As the Kirch topology, all the topologies \(\mathcal{T}_{(\alpha_n)}\) are connected and Hausdorff, but not regular. For each sequence \((\alpha_n)\), the author considers the family \(\mathcal{I}_{(\alpha_n)}\) of the subsets of \(\mathbb{N}\) that are nowhere dense in the topology \(\mathcal{T}_{(\alpha_n)}\): the main result is that, if \((\alpha_n)\) and \((\beta_n)\) are sequences of positive integers, then \(\mathcal{I}_{(\alpha_n)}\subseteq\mathcal{I}_{(\beta_n)}\) if and only if \(\alpha_n\leq\beta_n\) for all but finitely many \(n\), and thus that \(\mathcal{I}_{(\alpha_n)}=\mathcal{I}_{(\beta_n)}\) if and only if \((\alpha_n)\) and \((\beta_n)\) are equal almost everywhere. A similar equivalence is proved for sequences of nonnegative integers that are not eventually zero. Finally, the authors show that the set of all families \(\mathcal{I}_{(\alpha_n)}\), endowed with the containment order, has an antichain with the cardinality of the continuum.
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- Homeomorphisms of the space of nonzero integers with the Kirch topology
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- Extendability to Marczewski-Burstin countably representable ideals
- Some properties of the ideal of nowhere dense sets in the common division topology
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