A criterion for sharpness in tree enumeration and the asymptotic number of triangulations in Kuperberg's G₂ spider

Publication date 5 January 2023

Published in Séminaire Lotharingien de Combinatoire (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.07984, https://www.mat.univie.ac.at/~slc/wpapers/FPSAC2021/72.html

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zbMATH Keywords

asymptotic formula generating function Kuperberg's \(G_2\) spider Lie algebra

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Trees (05C05) Enumeration in graph theory (05C30)

Abstract: We prove a conjectured asymptotic formula of Kuperberg from the representation theory of the Lie algebra

G_{2}

. Given a non-negative sequence

(a_{n})_{n g e q 1}

, the identity

B (x) = A (x B (x))

for generating functions

A (x) = 1 + s u m_{n g e q 1} a_{n} x^{n}

and

B (x) = 1 + s u m_{n g e q 1} b_{n} x^{n}

determines the number

b_{n}

of rooted planar trees with

n

vertices such that each vertex having

i

children can have one of

a_{i}

distinct colors. Kuperberg proved in cite{Kuperberg} that this identity holds in the case that

b_{n} = d i m e x t {I n v}_{G_{2}} (V (l a m b d a_{1})^{o t i m e s n})

, where

V (l a m b d a_{1})

is the 7-dimensional fundamental representation of

G_{2}

, and

a_{n}

is the number of triangulations of a regular

n

-gon such that each internal vertex has degree at least

6

. He also observed that

l i m s u p_{n o i n f t y} s q r t [n] a_{n} l e q 7 / B (1 / 7)

and conjectured that this estimate is sharp, or in terms of power series, that the radius of convergence of

A (x)

is exactly

B (1 / 7) / 7

. We prove this conjecture by introducing a new criterion for sharpness in the analogous estimate for general power series

A (x)

and

B (x)

satisfying

B (x) = A (x B (x))

. Moreover, by way of singularity analysis performed on a recently-discovered generating function for

B (x)

, we significantly refine the conjecture by deriving an asymptotic formula for the sequence

(a_{n})

.

Review text

\(G_2\) with rank 2 and dimension 14 is one of the five smallest exceptional simple Lie groups. It is the automorphism group of the octonion algebra. The author of this paper establishes positively an asymptotic estimate conjectured for an integer sequence arising in the representation theory of the Lie algebra \(G_2\). It is interesting to note that the criteria the author develop to prove this estimate can be applied to a larger class of generating functions satisfying a combinatorial identity from the theory of rooted planar trees. If \(f(x)\) and \(g(x)\) are two generating functions of a formal power series, then \textit{G. Kuperberg} [Commun. Math. Phys. 180, No. 1, 109--151 (1996; Zbl 0870.17005)] showed that \(B(x)=A(xB(x))\) and \(B(x)\) has a radius of convergence \(1/7\) and \(B(1/7)\) is finite. He further established that \(A(x)\) has a radius of convergence at least \((1/7)B(1/7)\) and conjectured that equality holds good. The author proves that equality holds and derives several interesting results.

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