The joint embedding property and maximal models

Other model constructions (03C30) Abstract elementary classes and related topics (03C48) Properties of classes of models (03C52) Other infinitary logic (03C75)

Abstract: We introduce the notion of a `pure` Abstract Elementary Class to block trivial counterexamples. We study classes of models of bipartite graphs and show: Main Theorem (cf. Theorem 3.5.2 and Corollary 3.5.6): If

(l a m b d a_{i} : i l e a l p h a < a l e p h_{1})

is a strictly increasing sequence of characterizable cardinals (Definition 2.1) whose models satisfy JEP

(< l a m b d a_{0})

, there is an

L_{o m e g a_{1}, o m e g a}

-sentence

p s i

whose models form a pure AEC and (1) The models of

p s i

satisfy JEP

(< l a m b d a_{0})

, while JEP fails for all larger cardinals and AP fails in all infinite cardinals. (2) There exist

2^{l a m b d a_{i}^{+}}

non-isomorphic maximal models of

p s i

in

l a m b d a_{i}^{+}

, for all

i l e a l p h a

, but no maximal models in any other cardinality; and (3)

p s i

has arbitrarily large models. In particular this shows the Hanf number for JEP and the Hanf number for maximality for pure AEC with Lowenheim number

a l e p h_{0}

are at least

. We show that although AP

(k a p p a)

for each

k a p p a

implies the full amalgamation property, JEP

(k a p p a)

for each kappa does not imply the full joint embedding property. We show the main combinatorial device of this paper cannot be used to extend the main theorem to a complete sentence.

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