Codensity and the ultrafilter monad

MaRDI QIDQ2847366zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Tom Leinster

Publication date 4 September 2013

Published in Theory and Applications of Categories (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1209.3606, http://www.emis.de/journals/TAC/volumes/28/13/28-13abs.html

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zbMATH Keywords

densityintegrationcompact Hausdorff spacemonadultrafilterultraproductcodensitydouble dual

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Classical measure theory (28A99) Monads (= standard construction, triple or triad), algebras for monads, homology and derived functors for monads (18C15) Ultraproducts and related constructions (03C20) General theory of categories and functors (18A99)

Abstract: Even a functor without an adjoint induces a monad, namely, its codensity monad; this is subject only to the existence of certain limits. We clarify the sense in which codensity monads act as substitutes for monads induced by adjunctions. We also expand on an undeservedly ignored theorem of Kennison and Gildenhuys: that the codensity monad of the inclusion of (finite sets) into (sets) is the ultrafilter monad. This result is analogous to the correspondence between measures and integrals. So, for example, we can speak of integration against an ultrafilter. Using this language, we show that the codensity monad of the inclusion of (finite-dimensional vector spaces) into (vector spaces) is double dualization. From this it follows that compact Hausdorff spaces have a linear analogue: linearly compact vector spaces. Finally, we show that ultraproducts are categorically inevitable: the codensity monad of the inclusion of (finite families of sets) into (families of sets) is the ultraproduct monad.

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