On the Lagrangian formulation of multidimensionally consistent systems

DOI10.1098/RSPA.2011.0124MaRDI QIDQ2889173zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Pavlos Xenitidis, Frank Nijhoff, Sarah Lobb

Publication date 4 June 2012

Published in Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1008.1952

zbMATH Keywords

integrable systemssymmetriesmultidimensional consistencyLagrangians

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geometric theory, characteristics, transformations in context of PDEs (35A30) Dynamical aspects of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37J99) Discrete version of topics in analysis (39A12) Partial difference equations (39A14)

Abstract: Multidimensional consistency has emerged as a key integrability property for partial difference equations (P$Delta$Es) defined on the "space-time" lattice. It has led, among other major insights, to a classification of scalar affine-linear quadrilateral P$Delta$Es possessing this property, leading to the so-called ABS list. Recently, a new variational principle has been proposed that describes the multidimensional consistency in terms of discrete Lagrangian multi-forms. This description is based on a fundamental and highly nontrivial property of Lagrangians for those integrable lattice equations, namely the fact that on the solutions of the corresponding P$Delta$E the Lagrange forms are closed, i.e. they obey a {it closure relation}. Here we extend those results to the continuous case: it is known that associated with the integrable P$Delta$Es there exist systems of PDEs, in fact differential equations with regard to the parameters of the lattice as independent variables, which equally possess the property of multidimensional consistency. In this paper we establish a universal Lagrange structure for affine-linear quad-lattices alongside a universal Lagrange multi-form structure for the corresponding continuous PDEs, and we show that the Lagrange forms possess the closure property.

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• Variational symmetries and pluri-Lagrangian structures for integrable hierarchies of PDEs
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• Hamiltonian structures for integrable hierarchies of Lagrangian PDEs
• On the Lagrangian 1-form structure of the hyperbolic Calogero-Moser system
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• What is integrability of discrete variational systems?
• Quantum integrability: Lagrangian 1-form case
• Quantum variational principle and quantum multiform structure: the case of quadratic Lagrangians
• Lagrangian multiforms on Lie groups and non-commuting flows
• Hamiltonian multiform description of an integrable hierarchy
• A discrete Darboux-Lax scheme for integrable difference equations

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