What is integrability of discrete variational systems?

DOI10.1098/RSPA.2013.0550zbMATH Open1365.37053arXiv1307.0523OpenAlexW2098176715WikidataQ51114073 ScholiaQ51114073MaRDI QIDQ2831316FDOQ2831316

Authors: Raphael Boll, Matteo Petrera, Yuri B. Suris 

Publication date: 2 November 2016

Published in: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We propose a notion of a pluri-Lagrangian problem, which should be understood as an analog of multi-dimensional consistency for variational systems. This is a development along the line of research of discrete integrable Lagrangian systems initiated in 2009 by Lobb and Nijhoff, however having its more remote roots in the theory of pluriharmonic functions, in the Z-invariant models of statistical mechanics and their quasiclassical limit, as well as in the theory of variational symmetries going back to Noether. A d-dimensional pluri-Lagrangian problem can be described as follows: given a d-form L on an m-dimensional space (called multi-time, m>d), whose coefficients depend on a sought-after function x of m independent variables (called field), find those fields x which deliver critical points to the action functionals $S_{Sigma}=in{t}_{Sigma}L$ for any d-dimensional manifold $Sigma$ in the multi-time. We derive the main building blocks of the multi-time Euler-Lagrange equations for a discrete pluri-Lagrangian problem with d=2, the so called corner equations, and discuss the notion of consistency of the system of corner equations. We analyze the system of corner equations for a special class of three-point 2-forms, corresponding to integrable quad-equations of the ABS list. This allows us to close a conceptual gap of the work by Lobb and Nijhoff by showing that the corresponding 2-forms are closed not only on solutions of (non-variational) quad-equations, but also on general solutions of the corresponding corner equations. We also find an example of a pluri-Lagrangian system not coming from a multidimensionally consistent system of quad-equations.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1307.0523

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zbMATH Keywords

Euler-Lagrange equationsvariational systemdiscrete integrable systemdiscrete formmulti-dimensional consistency

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Discrete version of topics in analysis (39A12) Lattice dynamics; integrable lattice equations (37K60) Variational principles in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E30) Partial difference equations (39A14)

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Cited In (21)

• Variational symmetries and pluri-Lagrangian structures for integrable hierarchies of PDEs
• On the variational interpretation of the discrete KP equation
• Extended Z-invariance for integrable vector and face models and multi-component integrable quad equations
• Multiform description of the AKNS hierarchy and classical r-matrix
• Hamiltonian structures for integrable hierarchies of Lagrangian PDEs
• Semi-discrete Lagrangian 2-forms and the Toda hierarchy
• Variational symmetries and pluri-Lagrangian systems
• Discrete pluriharmonic functions as solutions of linear pluri-Lagrangian systems
• A variational principle for discrete integrable systems
• On discrete integrable equations with convex variational principles
• Algebraic entropy for hex systems
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• Lagrangian 3-form structure for the Darboux system and the KP hierarchy
• Quantum variational principle and quantum multiform structure: the case of quadratic Lagrangians
• Solitons of a simple nonlinear model on the cubic lattice
• Lagrangian multiforms on Lie groups and non-commuting flows
• Hamiltonian multiform description of an integrable hierarchy

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