Continuum limits of pluri-Lagrangian systems

DOI10.1093/INTEGR/XYY020zbMATH Open1472.37068arXiv1706.06830OpenAlexW2657836564WikidataQ128342102 ScholiaQ128342102MaRDI QIDQ5742471FDOQ5742471

Authors: Mats Vermeeren 

Publication date: 14 May 2019

Published in: Journal of Integrable Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: A pluri-Lagrangian (or Lagrangian multiform) structure is an attribute of integrability that has mainly been studied in the context of multidimensionally consistent lattice equations. It unifies multidimensional consistency with the variational character of the equations. An analogous continuous structure exists for integrable hierarchies of differential equations. We present a continuum limit procedure for pluri-Lagrangian systems. In this procedure the lattice parameters are interpreted as Miwa variables, describing a particular embedding in continuous multi-time of the mesh on which the discrete system lives. Then we seek differential equations whose solutions interpolate the embedded discrete solutions. The continuous systems found this way are hierarchies of differential equations. We show that this continuum limit can also be applied to the corresponding pluri-Lagrangian structures. We apply our method to the discrete Toda lattice and to equations H1 and Q1${}_{delta=0}$ from the ABS list.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.06830

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zbMATH Keywords

integrable hierarchiesmultidimensional consistencyLagrangian multiformspluri-Lagrangian systems

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Variational methods applied to PDEs (35A15) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Partial difference equations (39A14) General theory of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, Hamiltonian and Lagrangian structures, symmetries, conservation laws (37K06) Integrable difference and lattice equations; integrability tests (39A36)

Cited In (14)

• On the Lagrangian structure of integrable hierarchies
• Variational symmetries and pluri-Lagrangian structures for integrable hierarchies of PDEs
• Variational symmetries and Lagrangian multiforms
• Multiform description of the AKNS hierarchy and classical r-matrix
• Hamiltonian structures for integrable hierarchies of Lagrangian PDEs
• Semi-discrete Lagrangian 2-forms and the Toda hierarchy
• Discrete pluriharmonic functions as solutions of linear pluri-Lagrangian systems
• Classical Yang-Baxter equation, Lagrangian multiforms and ultralocal integrable hierarchies
• A variational perspective on continuum limits of ABS and lattice GD equations
• Lagrangian multiform for cyclotomic Gaudin models
• Quantum integrability: Lagrangian 1-form case
• Lagrangian 3-form structure for the Darboux system and the KP hierarchy
• Hamiltonian multiform description of an integrable hierarchy
• Lagrangian multiforms on coadjoint orbits for finite-dimensional integrable systems

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