Continuum limits of pluri-Lagrangian systems

DOI10.1093/INTEGR/XYY020MaRDI QIDQ5742471zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Mats Vermeeren

Publication date 14 May 2019

Published in Journal of Integrable Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.06830

zbMATH Keywords

integrable hierarchiesLagrangian multiformsmultidimensional consistencypluri-Lagrangian systems

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Variational methods applied to PDEs (35A15) General theory of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, Hamiltonian and Lagrangian structures, symmetries, conservation laws (37K06) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Partial difference equations (39A14) Integrable difference and lattice equations; integrability tests (39A36)

Abstract: A pluri-Lagrangian (or Lagrangian multiform) structure is an attribute of integrability that has mainly been studied in the context of multidimensionally consistent lattice equations. It unifies multidimensional consistency with the variational character of the equations. An analogous continuous structure exists for integrable hierarchies of differential equations. We present a continuum limit procedure for pluri-Lagrangian systems. In this procedure the lattice parameters are interpreted as Miwa variables, describing a particular embedding in continuous multi-time of the mesh on which the discrete system lives. Then we seek differential equations whose solutions interpolate the embedded discrete solutions. The continuous systems found this way are hierarchies of differential equations. We show that this continuum limit can also be applied to the corresponding pluri-Lagrangian structures. We apply our method to the discrete Toda lattice and to equations H1 and Q1${}_{delta=0}$ from the ABS list.

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(14)

• Variational symmetries and Lagrangian multiforms
• Discrete pluriharmonic functions as solutions of linear pluri-Lagrangian systems
• Variational symmetries and pluri-Lagrangian structures for integrable hierarchies of PDEs
• A variational perspective on continuum limits of ABS and lattice GD equations
• Quantum integrability: Lagrangian 1-form case
• Lagrangian 3-form structure for the Darboux system and the KP hierarchy
• On the Lagrangian structure of integrable hierarchies
• Hamiltonian multiform description of an integrable hierarchy
• Multiform description of the AKNS hierarchy and classical r-matrix
• Semi-discrete Lagrangian 2-forms and the Toda hierarchy
• Lagrangian multiforms on coadjoint orbits for finite-dimensional integrable systems
• Classical Yang-Baxter equation, Lagrangian multiforms and ultralocal integrable hierarchies
• Hamiltonian structures for integrable hierarchies of Lagrangian PDEs
• Lagrangian multiform for cyclotomic Gaudin models

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