Variants of the Selberg sieve, and bounded intervals containing many primes

DOI10.1186/S40687-014-0012-7MaRDI QIDQ289940zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors D. H. J. Polymath

Publication date 31 May 2016

Published in Research in the Mathematical Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.4897

zbMATH Keywords

Elliott-Halberstam conjectureprime gapsSelberg sieve

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Distribution of primes (11N05) Sieves (11N35)

Abstract: For any $mgeq1$, let $H_m$ denote the quantity $limin{f}_{noinfty}(p_{n+m}-p_n)$. A celebrated recent result of Zhang showed the finiteness of $H_1$, with the explicit bound $H_{1}leq70000000$. This was then improved by us (the Polymath8 project) to $H_{1}leq4680$, and then by Maynard to $H_{1}leq600$, who also established for the first time a finiteness result for $H_m$ for $mgeq2$, and specifically that $H_{m}ll{m}^3{e}^{4m}$. If one also assumes the Elliott-Halberstam conjecture, Maynard obtained the bound $H_{1}leq12$, improving upon the previous bound $H_{1}leq16$ of Goldston, Pintz, and Y{i}ld{i}r{i}m, as well as the bound $H_{m}ll{m}^3{e}^{2m}$. In this paper, we extend the methods of Maynard by generalizing the Selberg sieve further, and by performing more extensive numerical calculations. As a consequence, we can obtain the bound $H_{1}leq246$ unconditionally, and $H_{1}leq6$ under the assumption of the generalized Elliott-Halberstam conjecture. Indeed, under the latter conjecture we show the stronger statement that for any admissible triple $(h_1,h_2,h_3)$, there are infinitely many $n$ for which at least two of $n+h_1,n+h_2,n+h_3$ are prime. We modify the "parity problem" argument of Selberg to show that this result is the best possible that one can obtain from purely sieve-theoretic considerations. For larger $m$, we use the distributional results obtained previously by our project to obtain the unconditional asymptotic bound $H_{m}llm{e}^{(4-frac24181)m}$, or $H_{m}llm{e}^{2m}$ under the assumption of the Elliott-Halberstam conjecture. We also obtain explicit upper bounds for $H_m$ when $m=2,3,4,5$.

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