Distributions of finite sequences represented by polynomials in Piatetski-Shapiro sequences

Abstract: By using the work of Frantzikinakis and Wierdl, we can see that for all

d i n m a t h b b N

,

a l p h a i n (d, d + 1)

, and integers

k g e d + 2

and

r g e 1

, there exist infinitely many

n i n m a t h b b N

such that the sequence

(l f l o o r (n + r j)^{a} l p h a f l o o r)_{j = 0}^{k - 1}

is represented as

l f l o o r (n + r j)^{a} l p h a f l o o r = p (j)

,

j = 0, 1, l d o t s, k - 1

, by using some polynomial

p (x) i n m a t h b b Q [x]

of degree at most

d

. In particular, the above sequence is an arithmetic progression when

d = 1

. In this paper, we show the asymptotic density of such numbers

n

as above. When

d = 1

, the asymptotic density is equal to

1 / (k - 1)

. Although the common difference

r

is arbitrarily fixed in the above result, we also examine the case when

r

is not fixed. Most results in this paper are generalized by using functions belonging to Hardy fields.

Review text

One can begin with authors' abstract: ``By using the work of Frantzikinakis and Wierdl, we can see that for all \(d\in\mathbb{N}, \alpha\in(d,d+1)\), and integers \(k\ge d+2\) and \(r\ge1\), there exist infinitely many \(n\in\mathbb{N}\) such that the sequence \((\lfloor{(n+rj)^\alpha}\rfloor)_{j=0}^{k-1}\) is represented as \(\lfloor{(n+rj)^\alpha}\rfloor=p(j)\), \(j=0,1,\ldots,k-1\), by using some polynomial \(p(x)\in\mathbb{Q}[x]\) of degree at most \(d\). In particular, the above sequence is an arithmetic progression when \(d=1\). In this paper, we show the asymptotic density of such numbers \(n\) as above. When \(d=1\), the asymptotic density is equal to \(1/(k-1)\). Although the common difference \(r\) is arbitrarily fixed in the above result, we also examine the case when \(r\) is not fixed. Most results in this paper are generalized by using functions belonging to Hardy fields. In a survey of this paper, such notions as the Piatetski-Shapiro sequence, an arithmetic progression of length \(k\), Piatetski-Shapiro primes, positive upper density of a subset of \(\mathbb N\), Hardy fields, logarithmico-exponential functions, are described with the consideration of related investigations. The special attention is given to uniform distribution modulo \(1\) as the key notion for proving. All proofs are given with explanations. Finally, some open problems are given.

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