Multiplicative functions in short intervals

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2016.183.3.6MaRDI QIDQ291027zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Kaisa Matomäki, Maksym Radziwiłł

Publication date 6 June 2016

Published in Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.04585, https://authors.library.caltech.edu/87010/

zbMATH Keywords

multiplicative functionChowla's conjecture on the Liouville's functionlong averageshort averagesmooth number

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic results on arithmetic functions (11N37) Rate of growth of arithmetic functions (11N56)

Abstract: We introduce a general result relating "short averages" of a multiplicative function to "long averages" which are well understood. This result has several consequences. First, for the M"obius function we show that there are cancellations in the sum of $mu(n)$ in almost all intervals of the form $[x,x+psi(x)]$ with $psi(x)ightarrowinfty$ arbitrarily slowly. This goes beyond what was previously known conditionally on the Density Hypothesis or the stronger Riemann Hypothesis. Second, we settle the long-standing conjecture on the existence of $x^{epsilon}$-smooth numbers in intervals of the form $[x,x+c(varepsilon)sqrtx]$, recovering unconditionally a conditional (on the Riemann Hypothesis) result of Soundararajan. Third, we show that the mean-value of $lambda(n)lambda(n+1)$, with $lambda(n)$ Liouville's function, is non-trivially bounded in absolute value by $1-delta$ for some $delta>0$. This settles an old folklore conjecture and constitutes progress towards Chowla's conjecture. Fourth, we show that a (general) real-valued multiplicative function $f$ has a positive proportion of sign changes if and only if $f$ is negative on at least one integer and non-zero on a positive proportion of the integers. This improves on many previous works, and is new already in the case of the M"obius function. We also obtain some additional results on smooth numbers in almost all intervals, and sign changes of multiplicative functions in all intervals of square-root length.

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