Concentrating bound states for Kirchhoff type problems in R^3 involving critical Sobolev exponents

DOI10.1515/ANS-2014-0214MaRDI QIDQ2923149zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Shuangjie Peng, Gongbao Li, Yi He

Publication date 15 October 2014

Published in Advanced Nonlinear Studies (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1306.0122

zbMATH Keywords

concentration critical growth existence Kirchhoff type problem Ljusternik-Shnirelmann theory multiplicity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Positive solutions to PDEs (35B09) Critical exponents in context of PDEs (35B33) Weak solutions to PDEs (35D30) Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations (35J20) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60)

Abstract: We study the concentration and multiplicity of weak solutions to the Kirchhoff type equation with critical Sobolev growth [left{�egin{gathered} - Bigl({varepsilon ^2}a + varepsilon bint_{{R^3}} {{{left| { abla u} ight|}^2}} Bigr)Delta u + V(z)u = f(u) + {u^5}{ ext{in}}{R^3}, hfill u in {H^1}({R^3}),{ ext{}}u > 0{ ext{in}}{R^3}, hfill \ end{gathered} ight.] where

v a r e p s i l o n

is a small positive parameter and

a, b > 0

are constants,

f i n C^{1} (R^{+}, R)

is subcritical,

V : R^{3} o R

is a locally H"{o}lder continuous function. We first prove that for

v a r e p s i l o n_{0} > 0

sufficiently small, the above problem has a weak solution

u_{v} a r e p s i l o n

with exponential decay at infinity. Moreover,

u_{v} a r e p s i l o n

concentrates around a local minimum point of

V

in

L a m b d a

as

v a r e p s i l o n o 0

. With minimax theorems and Ljusternik-Schnirelmann theory, we also obtain multiple solutions by employing the topology construct of the set where the potential

V l e f t (z i g h t)

attains its minimum.

Review text

The following problem is studied in the paper NEWLINE\[NEWLINE -\left(\epsilon^2a+\epsilon b\int_{\mathbb{R}^3}\left|\nabla u\right|^2\right)\Delta u +V(z)u =f(u)+u^5, \;\;z\in\mathbb{R}^3, u\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^3), u>0, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(\epsilon>0\) is a small parameter and \(a,b>0\) are constants. It is assumed that \(V\) is a locally Hölder continuous function which is bounded from below by a positive constant and \(\inf_\Lambda<\min_{\partial \Lambda}V\) for some open bounded set \(\Lambda\) in \(\mathbb{R}^3\). Here, the nonlinearity \(f\in C^1(\mathbb{R}^+,\mathbb{R})\) is superlinear and subcritical. More precisely, it is assumed that \(f(s)=o(s^3)\) as \(s\rightarrow0^+\), \(f(s)/s^3\) is strictly increasing for \(s>0\) and \(\lambda s^{q_1}\leq f(s)\leq C\left(1+\left|s\right|^{q-1}\right)\) for some constants \(\lambda,C>0\), \(3\leq q_1<5\) and \(4<q<6\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe first main result states that for \(\epsilon>0\) sufficiently small there is a weak soution \(u_\epsilon\) such that \(u_\epsilon\leq\alpha\exp(-\beta\left|z-z_\epsilon\right|/\epsilon)\) where \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) are positive constants and \(z_\epsilon\) is a maximum \(z_\epsilon\in\Lambda\) of \(u_\epsilon\) which in addition satisfies \(V(z_\epsilon)\rightarrow\inf_\Lambda V\) as \(\epsilon\rightarrow0\). The second main result is about the multiplicity of weak solutions under the additional assumption that \(V\) attains a global minimum on \(\Lambda\). The proof here is mainly based on Ljusternik-Shnirelmann theory.

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