Polynomial properties on large symmetric association schemes

DOI10.1007/S00026-016-0300-6zbMATH Open1339.05436arXiv1305.2539OpenAlexW1802317609MaRDI QIDQ295296FDOQ295296

Hiroshi Nozaki

Publication date: 13 June 2016

Published in: Annals of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper we characterize "large" regular graphs using certain entries in the projection matrices onto the eigenspaces of the graph. As a corollary of this result, we show that "large" association schemes become $P$-polynomial association schemes. Our results are summarized as follows. Let $G=(V,E)$ be a connected $k$-regular graph with $d+1$ distinct eigenvalues $k=het{a}_0>het{a}_1>cdots>het{a}_d$. Since the diameter of $G$ is at most $d$, we have the Moore bound [ |V| leq M(k,d)=1+k sum_{i=0}^{d-1}(k-1)^i. ] Note that if $|V|>M(k,d-1)$ holds, the diameter of $G$ is equal to $d$. Let $E_i$ be the orthogonal projection matrix onto the eigenspace corresponding to $het{a}_i$. Let $partial(u,v)$ be the path distance of $u,vinV$. Theorem. Assume $|V|>M(k,d-1)$ holds. Then for $x,yinV$ with $partial(x,y)=d$, the $(x,y)$-entry of $E_i$ is equal to [ -frac{1}{|V|}prod_{j=1,2,ldots,d, j e i} frac{ heta_0- heta_j}{ heta_i- heta_j}. ] If a symmetric association scheme $mathfrakX=(X,{R_i}_{i=0}^d)$ has a relation $R_i$ such that the graph $(X,R_i)$ satisfies the above condition, then $mathfrakX$ is $P$-polynomial. Moreover we show the "dual" version of this theorem for spherical sets and $Q$-polynomial association schemes.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.2539

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zbMATH Keywords

graph spectrumMoore bound\(s\)-distance setabsolute boundpolynomial association scheme

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graphs and linear algebra (matrices, eigenvalues, etc.) (05C50) Association schemes, strongly regular graphs (05E30) Combinatorial aspects of matrices (incidence, Hadamard, etc.) (05B20) Distance in graphs (05C12)

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Cited In (1)

• On symmetric association schemes and associated quotient-polynomial graphs

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