KAM for the Klein Gordon equation on S^d

Abstract: Recently the KAM theory has been extended to multidimensional PDEs. Nevertheless all these recent results concern PDEs on the torus, essentially because in that case the corresponding linear PDE is diagonalized in the Fourier basis and the structure of the resonant sets is quite simple. In the present paper, we consider an important physical example that do not fit in this context: the Klein Gordon equation on

m a t h b b S^{d}

. Our abstract KAM theorem also allow to prove the reducibility of the corresponding linear operator with time quasiperiodic potentials.

Review text

The paper under review considers the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation \[ (\partial_{t}^{2}-\Delta+m+\delta M_{\rho})u+\varepsilon g(x,u)=0,\quad t\in\mathbb{R}, x\in\mathbb{S}^{d} \] where \(M_{\rho}\) is a harmonic multiplier and \(g(x,u)\) is a real analytic function on \(\mathbb{S}^{d}\times\mathbb{R}\) such that \(g\) vanishes at least at order two in the second variable at the origin. Moreover, \(\delta>0\) and \(\varepsilon>0\) are small parameters. They proved that for most choices of an external parameter \(\rho\), the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation admits linearly stable quasi-periodic solutions by an abstract KAM theorem, which can apply to any multidimensional PDE with regularizing nonlinearity and satisfying the second Melnikov condition. The techniques and proofs are based on [\textit{L. H. Eliasson} et al., Ann. Math. 172, No. 1, 371--435 (2009; Zbl 1201.35177)] for the multidimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation and [\textit{L. H. Eliasson} et al., ``KAM for the nonlinear beam equation. I: Small amplitude solutions, Preprint, \url{arXiv: 1412.2803}] for the multidimensional nonlinear beam equation. The novelty lies in the use of a different norm on the Hessian matrix and two different classes of Hamiltonians used in [the first author and \textit{L. Thomann}, Commun. Math. Phys. 307, No. 2, 383--427 (2011; Zbl 1250.81033)]. Moreover, for a linear \(d\)-dimensional Schrödinger equation on \(\mathbb{R}^{d}\) with harmonic potential \(|x|^{2}\) and small \(t\)-quasi-periodic potential \[ \mathrm{i}\partial_{t}u-\Delta u + |x|^{2}u+\varepsilon V(t\omega,x)u=0, \;\;x\in\mathbb{R}^{d}, \] this abstract KAM theorem can reduce it to an autonomous systems, see [the authors, ``On reducibility of the quantum harmonic oscillator with quasiperiodic in time potential on \(\mathbb{R}^{d}\), Preprint, \url{arXiv: 1603.07455}].

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