Normal forms for semilinear quantum harmonic oscillators

DOI10.1007/S00220-009-0800-XMaRDI QIDQ1048113zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Benoît Grébert, Rafik Imekraz, Eric Paturel

Publication date 11 January 2010

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0808.0995

Birkhoff normal form Birkhoff normal form in infinite dimension Hamiltonian PDEs long time stability semilinear harmonic oscillator

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Perturbations, KAM theory for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K55) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05)

Abstract: We consider the semilinear harmonic oscillator

ipsi_t=(-Delta +va{x}^{2} +M)psi +partial_2 g(psi,�ar psi), quad xin R^d, tin R

where

M

is a Hermite multiplier and

g

a smooth function globally of order 3 at least. We prove that such a Hamiltonian equation admits, in a neighborhood of the origin, a Birkhoff normal form at any order and that, under generic conditions on

M

related to the non resonance of the linear part, this normal form is integrable when

d = 1

and gives rise to simple (in particular bounded) dynamics when

d g e q 2

. As a consequence we prove the almost global existence for solutions of the above equation with small Cauchy data. Furthermore we control the high Sobolev norms of these solutions.

Review text

The paper under review deals with the Cauchy problem for the semilinear harmonic oscillator equation \[ i \partial_t \psi = (-\Delta +|x|^2 +M)\psi + \partial_2 g(\psi,\bar{\psi}), \quad x \in\mathbb R^d, \;t\in\mathbb R, \] with initial data \(\psi|_{t=0} =\psi_0\), where \(g\) is a smooth function of two variables, globally of order \(p\geq 3\), whose partial derivative with respect to the second variable is denoted by \(\partial_2 g\). To sum up the core of the content let us observe below only the case \(d=1\), though the results also for \(d>1\) being obtained similar but slightly different. \(M\) is a Hermite multiplier, which is the operator given by \(M\phi_j = m_j\phi_j\), where \((\phi_j)_{j \in\mathbb N}\) is the Hermite basis associated with the harmonic oscillator \(-\Delta +|x|^2\), and, with any fixed \(k \geq 1\), \((m_j)_{j \in\mathbb N}\) is a bounded sequence of real numbers satisfying that \(m_j j^k \in [-1/2, 1/2]\) for each \(j\). Let \({\mathcal W}_k\) be the set of all such sequences \((m_j)_{j \in\mathbb N}\), endowed with the probability product measure. Then by the local existence theory we can assert that if \(\psi_0\) is in the weighted Sobolev space \(\widetilde{H}^s := \{f\in H^s(\mathbb R^d,\mathbb C)\); \(x^\alpha\partial_x^\beta f\in L^2(\mathbb R^d)\), for all \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) with \(0\leq|\alpha +|\beta|\leq s \}\) and small, say, with norm \(\|\psi_0\|_{\widetilde{H}^s} \leq \varepsilon\), the Cauchy problem has a unique solution \(\psi\) in \(\widetilde{H}^s\) on an interval of length \(O(\varepsilon^{-p+2})\) with \(0\) at its center. Then the authors of this paper make the Birkhoff normal form approach to deepen the above interim assertion, first by proving a theorem in its infinite-dimensional context, and next by obtaining, as its dynamical consequence, the main result: The Cauchy problem above has an almost time-global solution, namely, that for a.e. \(M = (m_j)_{j \in\mathbb N}\in {\mathcal W}_k\), if \(s\) is sufficiently large and \(\varepsilon\) sufficiently small, the solution \(\psi\) can be extended over a larger integral \((-T_\varepsilon, T_\varepsilon)\) of length \(T_\varepsilon= O(\varepsilon^{-r})\), further satisfying that \(\|\psi(t)\|_{\widetilde{H}^s} \leq 2\varepsilon\) uniformly on this \(t\)-interval, where \(r \geq 1\) is an integer arbitrarily fixed from the principle. Such a result about long time stability of solutions for the PDEs can be, in particular, physically significant, if the time-global existence is not known for them, so long as \(O(\varepsilon^{-r})\) is greater than the age of the iniverse. It is noted that the role of \(M\) is to remove the resonances between the free modes, and the fully resonant case \(M=0\) is beyond the scope of this paper. The Birkhoff normal form theory in infinite dimension was developed by \textit{J. Bourgain} [Geom. Funct. Anal. 6, No.~2, 201--230 (1996; Zbl 0872.35007)], \textit{D. Bambusi} [Commun. Math. Phys. 234, No.~2, 253--285 (2003; Zbl 1032.37051)], \textit{D. Bambusi} and \textit{B. Grébert} [Duke Math. J. 135, No.~3, 507--567 (2006; Zbl 1110.37057)] for semilinear PDEs on the 1-dimensional torus and by \textit{D. Bambusi, J.-M. Delort, B. Grébert} and \textit{J. Szeftel} [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 60, No.~11, 1665--1690 (2007; Zbl 1170.35481)] for the semilinear Klein-Gordon equation on the sphere \(S^d\) (or a Zoll manifold). All these cases treated compact domains. A difference is that the paper under review treats the domain \({\mathbb R}^d\), however, the potential \(|x|^2\) of the free harmonic oscillator helps its spectrum consist of discrete eigenvalues, though its free modes are not so well localized. On the related subject, there is a very nice instructive survey, published a few years before, by the first author [\textit{B. Grébert}, in: Proceedings of the CIMPA school, Lanzhou, China, July 2004. Paris: Société Mathématique de France. Séminaires et Congrès 15, 1--46 (2007; Zbl 1157.37019)].

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(46)

This page was built for publication: Normal forms for semilinear quantum harmonic oscillators

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q1048113)