Boundary partitions in trees and dimers
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Publication:3085128
Abstract: Given a finite planar graph, a grove is a spanning forest in which every component tree contains one or more of a specified set of vertices (called nodes) on the outer face. For the uniform measure on groves, we compute the probabilities of the different possible node connections in a grove. These probabilities only depend on boundary measurements of the graph and not on the actual graph structure, i.e., the probabilities can be expressed as functions of the pairwise electrical resistances between the nodes, or equivalently, as functions of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator (or response matrix) on the nodes. These formulae can be likened to generalizations (for spanning forests) of Cardy's percolation crossing probabilities, and generalize Kirchhoff's formula for the electrical resistance. Remarkably, when appropriately normalized, the connection probabilities are in fact integer-coefficient polynomials in the matrix entries, where the coefficients have a natural algebraic interpretation and can be computed combinatorially. A similar phenomenon holds in the so-called double-dimer model: connection probabilities of boundary nodes are polynomial functions of certain boundary measurements, and as formal polynomials, they are specializations of the grove polynomials. Upon taking scaling limits, we show that the double-dimer connection probabilities coincide with those of the contour lines in the Gaussian free field with certain natural boundary conditions. These results have direct application to connection probabilities for multiple-strand SLE_2, SLE_8, and SLE_4.
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Cited In (41)
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- The Green's function on the double cover of the grid and application to the uniform spanning tree trunk
- Proof of a conjecture of Kenyon and Wilson on semicontiguous minors
- Boundary correlations in planar LERW and UST
- Combinatorics of tripartite boundary connections for trees and dimers
- Conformal blocks, \(q\)-combinatorics, and quantum group symmetry
- The space of circular planar electrical networks
- Watermelons on the half-plane
- Electrical response matrix of a regular 2𝑛-gon
- Matroids arising from electrical networks
- Proofs of two conjectures of Kenyon and Wilson on Dyck tilings
- A principle for converting Lindström-type lemmas to Stembridge-type theorems, with applications to walks, groves, and alternating flows
- Loop-erased random walk branch of uniform spanning tree in topological polygons
- Pure partition functions of multiple SLEs
- Free boundary dimers: random walk representation and scaling limit
- Spanning trees of graphs on surfaces and the intensity of loop-erased random walk on planar graphs
- UST branches, martingales, and multiple SLE(2)
- The planar Ising model and total positivity
- Transfer current and pattern fields in spanning trees
- Scaling limits of crossing probabilities in metric graph GFF
- Conformal invariance of loops in the double-dimer model
- Circular Planar Electrical Networks, Split Systems, and Phylogenetic Networks
- Random two-component spanning forests
- Random trees between two walls: exact partition function
- Combinatorics of the double-dimer model
- Combinatorics of the double-dimer model
- Pfaffian formulas for spanning tree probabilities
- Schramm's formula for multiple loop-erased random walks
- Symplectic geometry of electrical networks
- Ising model and the positive orthogonal Grassmannian
- Hitting matrix and domino tiling with diagonal impurities
- Generalized Dyck tilings
- Uniform spanning tree in topological polygons, partition functions for \(\mathrm{SLE}(8)\), and correlations in \({c} = - 2\) logarithmic CFT
- Random permutations of a regular lattice
- Dimers, webs, and positroids
- Conformally invariant scaling limits in planar critical percolation
- Crossing probabilities of multiple Ising interfaces
- A Hilbert space approach to effective resistance metric
- Connection probabilities of multiple FK-Ising interfaces
- Global and local multiple SLEs for \(\kappa\leq4\) and connection probabilities for level lines of GFF
- Electroid varieties and a compactification of the space of electrical networks
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