Boundary partitions in trees and dimers

DOI10.1090/S0002-9947-2010-04964-5zbMATH Open1230.60009arXivmath/0608422OpenAlexW2049198350MaRDI QIDQ3085128FDOQ3085128

David B. Wilson, Richard Kenyon

Publication date: 28 March 2011

Published in: Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Given a finite planar graph, a grove is a spanning forest in which every component tree contains one or more of a specified set of vertices (called nodes) on the outer face. For the uniform measure on groves, we compute the probabilities of the different possible node connections in a grove. These probabilities only depend on boundary measurements of the graph and not on the actual graph structure, i.e., the probabilities can be expressed as functions of the pairwise electrical resistances between the nodes, or equivalently, as functions of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator (or response matrix) on the nodes. These formulae can be likened to generalizations (for spanning forests) of Cardy's percolation crossing probabilities, and generalize Kirchhoff's formula for the electrical resistance. Remarkably, when appropriately normalized, the connection probabilities are in fact integer-coefficient polynomials in the matrix entries, where the coefficients have a natural algebraic interpretation and can be computed combinatorially. A similar phenomenon holds in the so-called double-dimer model: connection probabilities of boundary nodes are polynomial functions of certain boundary measurements, and as formal polynomials, they are specializations of the grove polynomials. Upon taking scaling limits, we show that the double-dimer connection probabilities coincide with those of the contour lines in the Gaussian free field with certain natural boundary conditions. These results have direct application to connection probabilities for multiple-strand SLE_2, SLE_8, and SLE_4.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0608422

zbMATH Keywords

treegrovemeanderDirichlet-to-Neumann matrixSLEdouble-dimer modelGaussian free-field

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graphs and linear algebra (matrices, eigenvalues, etc.) (05C50) Trees (05C05) Combinatorial probability (60C05) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20) Stochastic (Schramm-)Loewner evolution (SLE) (60J67)

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Cited In (38)

• Schramm’s formula for multiple loop-erased random walks
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Proof of a conjecture of Kenyon and Wilson on semicontiguous minors
• Boundary correlations in planar LERW and UST
• Conformal blocks, \(q\)-combinatorics, and quantum group symmetry
• Watermelons on the half-plane
• Electrical response matrix of a regular 2𝑛-gon
• Matroids arising from electrical networks
• Proofs of two conjectures of Kenyon and Wilson on Dyck tilings
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• Spanning trees of graphs on surfaces and the intensity of loop-erased random walk on planar graphs
• UST branches, martingales, and multiple SLE(2)
• The planar Ising model and total positivity
• Scaling limits of crossing probabilities in metric graph GFF
• Conformal invariance of loops in the double-dimer model
• The Space of Circular Planar Electrical Networks
• Circular Planar Electrical Networks, Split Systems, and Phylogenetic Networks
• Random two-component spanning forests
• Random trees between two walls: exact partition function
• Combinatorics of the double-dimer model
• Combinatorics of the double-dimer model
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