The planar Ising model and total positivity

DOI10.1007/S10955-016-1690-XMaRDI QIDQ2396569zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Marcin Lis

Publication date 8 June 2017

Published in Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license File:Creative commons license with attribution.png Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.06068

zbMATH Keywords

alternating flowsIsing modelrandom currentstotal positivity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graphs and linear algebra (matrices, eigenvalues, etc.) (05C50) Combinatorial probability (60C05) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20)

Abstract: A matrix is called totally positive (resp. totally nonnegative) if all its minors are positive (resp. nonnegative). Consider the Ising model with free boundary conditions and no external field on a planar graph $G$. Let $a_1,dots,a_k,b_k,dots,b_1$ be vertices placed in a counterclockwise order on the outer face of $G$. We show that the $kimesk$ matrix of the two-point spin correlation functions [ M_{i,j} = langle sigma_{a_i} sigma_{b_j} angle ] is totally nonnegative. Moreover, $detM>0$ if and only if there exist $k$ pairwise vertex-disjoint paths that connect $a_i$ with $b_i$. We also compute the scaling limit at criticality of the probability that there are $k$ parallel and disjoint connections between $a_i$ and $b_i$ in the double random current model. Our results are based on a new distributional relation between double random currents and random alternating flows of Talaska.

Review text

A matrix is called totally positive (resp. totally nonnegative) if all its minors are positive (resp. nonnegative). In the present paper, the author deals with total positivity in the planar Ising model. The author proves the positivity of determinants of matrices whose entries are, up to a sign, the boundary two-point spin correlation functions. The author obtains the total positivity of the Ising boundary two-point functions by representing them by means of alternating flows of \textit{K. Talaska} which satisfy total positivity [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2008, Article ID rnn081, 19 p. (2008; Zbl 1170.05031)]. The author's results on the Ising boundary two-point correlation functions are analogous to the results of \textit{S. Fomin} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 353, No. 9, 3563--3583 (2001; Zbl 0973.15014)] on the walk matrices of random walks on planar graphs. The author gives an explicit combinatorial formula for the probability measure \(\overline{\mathbf{P}}^{A}_{\mathrm {d-curr}}\) on \(\Gamma_A\) induced from the double random current measure. The author computes the probability of \(\mathcal{P}_{A,B}\) under the double random current measure. The author also computes the probability of \(\omega\) induced from the random alternating flow measure. By using a classical Pfaffian formula of \textit{J. Groeneveld, R. J. Boel} and \textit{P. W. Kasteleyn} [Phys. A, Stat. Mech. Appl. 93, No. 1, 138--154 (1978)], the author presents a different proof involving the connection between double random currents and alternating flows. The author explains how the double random current measure is related to a measure on alternating flows on a finite connected planar graph \(G\) which is planar.

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