Eigenfunction expansions for the Schrödinger equation with an inverse-square potential

Abstract: We consider the one-dimensional Schr"odinger equation

on the positive half-axis with the potential

q_{k} a p p a (r) = (k a p p a^{2} - 1 / 4) r^{- 2}

. For each complex number

v a r t h e t a

, we construct a solution

u^{k} a p p a_{v} a r t h e t a (E)

of this equation that is analytic in

k a p p a

in a complex neighborhood of the interval

(- 1, 1)

and, in particular, at the "singular" point

k a p p a = 0

. For

- 1 < k a p p a < 1

and real

v a r t h e t a

, the solutions

u^{k} a p p a_{v} a r t h e t a (E)

determine a unitary eigenfunction expansion operator

U_{k a p p a, v a r t h e t a} c o l o n L_{2} (0, i n f t y) o L_{2} (m a t h b b R, m a t h c a l V_{k a p p a, v a r t h e t a})

, where

m a t h c a l V_{k a p p a, v a r t h e t a}

is a positive measure on

m a t h b b R

. We show that every self-adjoint realization of the formal differential expression

- p a r t i a l_{r}^{2} + q_{k} a p p a (r)

for the Hamiltonian is diagonalized by the operator

U_{k a p p a, v a r t h e t a}

for some

v a r t h e t a i n m a t h b b R

. Using suitable singular Titchmarsh-Weyl

m

-functions, we explicitly find the measures

m a t h c a l V_{k a p p a, v a r t h e t a}

and prove their continuity in

k a p p a

and

v a r t h e t a

.

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