Fully invariant congruences on free commutative semigroups

Publication date 20 October 2002

equivalences free commutative semigroups fully coherent ideals fully invariant congruences index periods subindex

Subalgebras, congruence relations (08A30) Free semigroups, generators and relations, word problems (20M05) Commutative semigroups (20M14)

Review text

The author extends and sharpens \textit{A. Kisielewicz}'s results [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 342, No. 1, 275-306 (1994; Zbl 0801.20042)] and constructs all fully invariant congruences on free commutative semigroups. Let \(X\) be a set, and \(F\) the free commutative semigroup on \(X\). A congruence \(C\) on \(F\) is called fully invariant if \(aCb\Rightarrow\zeta aC\zeta b\) for every endomorphism \(\zeta\) of \(F\). According to \textit{P. Perkins} [J. Algebra 11, 298-314 (1969; Zbl 0186.03401)], on any free commutative semigroup fully invariant congruences satisfy the ascending chain condition. Since there are gaps in the original proof, the author proceeds the proof in his way. He shows that every fully invariant congruence \(C\) on \(F\) is finitely generated as a fully invariant congruence. The author proves: If \(C\) is a fully invariant congruence on \(F\) with index \(n\), period \(q\), subindex \(m\), and fully invariant ideal \(J\), then the remainder \(R\) of \(C\) is an equivalence on \(F\setminus J\), and \(aRb\) implies (1) for every \(x\in X\), \(a_x>0\Leftrightarrow b_x>0\); (2) \(aN(m,n,q)b\); (3) if \(a_x\neq b_x\) then \(a+a_xy\in J\) and \(a+b_xy\in J\) for all \(y\in X\); (4) for every \(t\in F\cup\{0\}\) and \(\zeta\in\text{End }(F)\), either \(\zeta a+tR\zeta b+t\) or \(\zeta a+t\) and \(\zeta b+t\in J\). Conversely, given a fully invariant ideal \(J\) of \(F\), integers \(g>0\) and \(0\leq m\leq m(J)\) and an equivalence \(R\) on \(F\setminus J\) satisfying the above (1) through (4) for all \((a,b)\in R\) then \(C=S(m,J,q)\cup R\) is a fully invariant congruence on \(F\) with index \(n=n(J)\), period \(q\), subindex \(m\), fully invariant ideal \(J\) and remainder \(R\). Every fully invariant congruence on \(F\) different from the equality can be obtained in this manner.

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