Heterogeneous population dynamics and scaling laws near epidemic outbreaks
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heterogeneitybasic reproductive numbercritical transitiontranscritical bifurcationstochastic perturbation\(SIS\) modeltipping point
Epidemiology (92D30) Qualitative investigation and simulation of ordinary differential equation models (34C60) Dynamical systems in biology (37N25) Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equations (34C23) Global stability of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D23) Ordinary differential equations and systems with randomness (34F05)
Abstract: In this paper, we focus on the influence of heterogeneity and stochasticity of the population on the dynamical structure of a basic susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model. First we prove that, upon a suitable mathematical reformulation of the basic reproduction number, the homogeneous system and the heterogeneous system exhibit a completely analogous global behaviour. Then we consider noise terms to incorporate the fluctuation effects and the random import of the disease into the population and analyse the influence of heterogeneity on warning signs for critical transitions (or tipping points). This theory shows that one may be able to anticipate whether a bifurcation point is close before it happens. We use numerical simulations of a stochastic fast-slow heterogeneous population SIS model and show various aspects of heterogeneity have crucial influences on the scaling laws that are used as early-warning signs for the homogeneous system. Thus, although the basic structural qualitative dynamical properties are the same for both systems, the quantitative features for epidemic prediction are expected to change and care has to be taken to interpret potential warning signs for disease outbreaks correctly.
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Cited in
(11)- Rate-Induced Tipping Phenomena in Compartment Models of Epidemics
- The effect of an additive noise on some slow-fast equation near a transcritical point
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- A geometric analysis of the SIR, SIRS and SIRWS epidemiological models
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