Local theory of free noncommutative functions: germs, meromorphic functions, and Hermite interpolation

Other kinds of identities (generalized polynomial, rational, involution) (16R50) Power series, series of functions of several complex variables (32A05) Infinite-dimensional and general division rings (16K40) Valuations, completions, formal power series and related constructions (associative rings and algebras) (16W60) Functions whose values are linear operators (operator- and matrix-valued functions, etc., including analytic and meromorphic ones) (47A56) Meromorphic functions of several complex variables (32A20)

Abstract: Free analysis is a quantization of the usual function theory much like operator space theory is a quantization of classical functional analysis. Basic objects of free analysis are noncommutative functions. These are maps on tuples of matrices of all sizes that preserve direct sums and similarities. This paper investigates the local theory of noncommutative functions. The first main result shows that for a scalar point

Y

, the ring

O_{Y}

of uniformly analytic noncommutative germs about

Y

is an integral domain and admits a universal skew field of fractions, whose elements are called meromorphic germs. A corollary is a local-global rank principle that connects ranks of matrix evaluations of a matrix

A

over

O_{Y}

with the factorization of

A

over

O_{Y}

. Different phenomena occur for a semisimple tuple of non-scalar matrices

Y

. Here it is shown that

O_{Y}

contains copies of the matrix algebra generated by

Y

. In particular, there exist nonzero nilpotent uniformly analytic functions defined in a neighborhood of

Y

, and

O_{Y}

does not embed into a skew field. Nevertheless, the ring

O_{Y}

is described as the completion of a free algebra with respect to the vanishing ideal at

Y

. This is a consequence of the second main result, a free Hermite interpolation theorem: if

f

is a noncommutative function, then for any finite set of semisimple points and a natural number

L

there exists a noncommutative polynomial that agrees with

f

at the chosen points up to differentials of order

L

. All the obtained results also have analogs for (non-uniformly) analytic germs and formal germs.

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