Quantum violation of fluctuation-dissipation theorem

DOI10.1088/1742-5468/AA5A67MaRDI QIDQ3302971zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Akira Shimizu, Kyota Fujikura

Publication date 11 August 2020

Published in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.03161

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15)

Abstract: We study quantum measurements of temporal equilibrium fluctuations in macroscopic quantum systems. It is shown that the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, as a relation between observed quantities, is partially violated in quantum systems, even if measurements are made in an ideal way that emulates classical ideal measurements as closely as possible. This is a genuine quantum effect that survives on a macroscopic scale. We also show that the state realized during measurements of temporal equilibrium fluctuations is a `squeezed equilibrium state,' which is macroscopically identical to the pre-measurement equilibrium state but is squeezed by the measurement. It is a time-evolving state, in which macrovariables fluctuate and relax. We also explain some of subtle but important points, careless treatments of which often lead to unphysical results, of the linear response theory.

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Cited in

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