On globally static and stationary cosmologies with or without a cosmological constant and the dark energy problem

DOI10.1088/0264-9381/23/3/017zbMATH Open1089.83025arXivgr-qc/0509124OpenAlexW3100266883MaRDI QIDQ3376747FDOQ3376747

Authors: Thomas Buchert 

Publication date: 24 March 2006

Published in: Classical and Quantum Gravity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In the framework of spatially averaged inhomogeneous cosmologies in classical General Relativity, effective Einstein equations govern the regional and the global dynamics of averaged scalar variables of cosmological models. A particular solution may be characterized by a cosmic equation of state. In this paper it is pointed out that a globally static averaged dust model is conceivable without employing a compensating cosmological constant. Much in the spirit of Einstein's original model we discuss consequences for the global, but also for the regional properties of this cosmology. We then consider the wider class of globally stationary cosmologies that are conceivable in the presented framework. All these models are based on exact solutions of the averaged Einstein equations and provide examples of cosmologies in an out-of-equilibrium state, which we characterize by an information-theoretical measure. It is shown that such cosmologies preserve high-magnitude kinematical fluctuations and so tend to maintain their global properties. The same is true for a $Lambda-$driven cosmos in such a state despite of exponential expansion. We outline relations to inflationary scenarios, and put the Dark Energy problem into perspective. Here, it is argued, on the grounds of the discussed cosmologies, that a classical explanation of Dark Energy through backreaction effects is theoretically conceivable, if the matter-dominated Universe emerged from a non-perturbative state in the vicinity of the stationary solution. We also discuss a number of caveats that furnish strong counter arguments in the framework of structure formation in a perturbed Friedmannian model.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0509124

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zbMATH Keywords

cosmological constantcosmologydark energy

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Macroscopic interaction of the gravitational field with matter (hydrodynamics, etc.) (83C55) Relativistic cosmology (83F05)

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• A cosmic equation of state for the inhomogeneous universe: can a global far-from-equilibrium state explain dark energy?
• Averaging procedure in variable-\(G\) cosmologies
• Gauss–Bonnet–Chern approach to the averaged Universe
• Dark energy and dark gravity: theory overview
• Global gravitational instability of FLRW backgrounds-interpreting the dark sectors
• Towards statistically homogeneous and isotropic perfect fluid universes with cosmic backreaction
• GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY AND COSMIC ACCELERATION
• DYNAMICS OF DARK ENERGY
• On average properties of inhomogeneous fluids in general relativity. III: General fluid cosmologies
• DARK MATTER, AND ITS DARKNESS
• Dark energy from structure: a status report
• On the diversity of stationary cosmologies in the first half of the twentieth century

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