Finite time singularity for the modified SQG patch equation

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2016.184.3.7zbMATH Open1360.35159arXiv1508.07613OpenAlexW2518929885MaRDI QIDQ338426FDOQ338426

Authors: Alexander Kiselev, Yao Yao, Andrej Zlatoš, Lenya Ryzhik 

Publication date: 4 November 2016

Published in: Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: It is well known that the incompressible Euler equations in two dimensions have globally regular solutions. The inviscid surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equation has a Biot-Savart law which is one derivative less regular than in the Euler case, and the question of global regularity for its solutions is still open. We study here the patch dynamics in the half-plane for a family of active scalars which interpolates between these two equations, via a parameter $alphain[0,frac12]$ appearing in the kernels of their Biot-Savart laws. The values $alpha=0$ and $alpha=frac12$ correspond to the 2D Euler and SQG cases, respectively. We prove global in time regularity for the 2D Euler patch model, even if the patches initially touch the boundary of the half-plane. On the other hand, for any sufficiently small $alpha>0$, we exhibit initial data which lead to a singularity in finite time. Thus, these results show a phase transition in the behavior of solutions to these equations, and provide a rigorous foundation for classifying the 2D Euler equations as critical.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.07613

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zbMATH Keywords

Euler equationsglobal regularityfinite time singularitymodified SQG equationspatches in domains with boundary

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Existence, uniqueness, and regularity theory for incompressible inviscid fluids (76B03) Euler equations (35Q31) PDEs in connection with geophysics (35Q86) Hydrology, hydrography, oceanography (86A05)

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