Anomalous nodal count and singularities in the dispersion relation of honeycomb graphs
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Publication:3463252
Operations with distributions and generalized functions (46F10) Electromagnetic theory (general) (78A25) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Quantum mechanics on special spaces: manifolds, fractals, graphs, lattices (81Q35) Dispersion theory, dispersion relations arising in quantum theory (81U30) Operator colligations (= nodes), vessels, linear systems, characteristic functions, realizations, etc. (47A48)
Abstract: We study the nodal count of the so-called bi-dendral graphs and show that it exhibits an anomaly: the nodal surplus is never equal to 0 or , the first Betti number of the graph. According to the nodal-magnetic theorem, this means that bands of the magnetic spectrum (dispersion relation) of such graphs do not have maxima or minima at the "usual" symmetry points of the fundamental domain of the reciprocal space of magnetic parameters. In search of the missing extrema we prove a necessary condition for a smooth critical point to happen inside the reciprocal fundamental domain. Using this condition, we identify the extrema as the singularities in the dispersion relation of the maximal abelian cover of the graph (the honeycomb graph being an important example). In particular, our results show that the anomalous nodal count is an indication of the presence of the conical points in the dispersion relation of the maximal universal cover. Also, we discover that the conical points are present in the dispersion relation of graphs with much less symmetry than was required in previous investigations.
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