Large values of the Gowers-Host-Kra seminorms

DOI10.1007/S11854-012-0018-2zbMATH Open1305.11009arXiv1012.3509OpenAlexW2152146262MaRDI QIDQ351328FDOQ351328

Authors: Tanja Eisner, Terence Tao 

Publication date: 11 July 2013

Published in: Journal d'Analyse Mathématique (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The emph{Gowers uniformity norms} $|f{|}_{U^k(G)}$ of a function $f:GoC$ on a finite additive group $G$, together with the slight variant $|f{|}_{U^k([N])}$ defined for functions on a discrete interval $[N]:=1,\mathrm{...},N$, are of importance in the modern theory of counting additive patterns (such as arithmetic progressions) inside large sets. Closely related to these norms are the emph{Gowers-Host-Kra seminorms} $|f{|}_{U^k(X)}$ of a measurable function $f:XoC$ on a measure-preserving system $X=(X,mathcalX,mu,T)$. Much recent effort has been devoted to the question of obtaining necessary and sufficient conditions for these Gowers norms to have non-trivial size (e.g. at least $eta$ for some small $eta>0$), leading in particular to the inverse conjecture for the Gowers norms, and to the Host-Kra classification of characteristic factors for the Gowers-Host-Kra seminorms. In this paper we investigate the near-extremal (or "property testing") version of this question, when the Gowers norm or Gowers-Host-Kra seminorm of a function is almost as large as it can be subject to an $L^{i}nfty$ or $L^p$ bound on its magnitude. Our main results assert, roughly speaking, that this occurs if and only if $f$ behaves like a polynomial phase, possibly localised to a subgroup of the domain; this can be viewed as a higher-order analogue of classical results of Russo and Fournier, and are also related to the polynomiality testing results over finite fields of Blum-Luby-Rubinfeld and Alon-Kaufman-Krivelevich-Litsyn-Ron. We investigate the situation further for the $U^3$ norms, which are associated to 2-step nilsequences, and find that there is a threshold behaviour, in that non-trivial 2-step nilsequences (not associated with linear or quadratic phases) only emerge once the $U^3$ norm is at most $2^{-1/8}$ of the $L^{i}nfty$ norm.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1012.3509

Recommendations

• AN INVERSE THEOREM FOR THE GOWERS $U^3(G)$ NORM
• Functions of nearly maximal Gowers-Host-Kra norms on Euclidean spaces
• The distribution of polynomials over finite fields, with applications to the Gowers norms
• Recurrence and non-uniformity of bracket polynomials
• On the Gowers norms of certain functions

zbMATH Keywords

large values\(U^3\) norms2-step nilsequencesGowers normGowers-Host-Kra seminormproperty testing version

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Arithmetic combinatorics; higher degree uniformity (11B30)

Cites Work

• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Uniformity seminorms on \(\ell^{\infty}\) and applications
• Inequalities in Fourier analysis
• A new proof of Szemerédi's theorem
• A new proof of Szemerédi's theorem for arithmetic progressions of length four
• Self-testing/correcting with applications to numerical problems
• Nonconventional ergodic averages and nilmanifolds
• An arithmetic regularity lemma, an associated counting lemma, and applications
• The quantitative behaviour of polynomial orbits on nilmanifolds
• The minimum number of monochromatic 4-term progressions in \(\mathbb Z_p\)
• On a reverse form of the Brascamp-Lieb inequality
• The primes contain arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions
• Linear equations in primes
• Best constants in Young's inequality, its converse, and its generalization to more than three functions
• Optimal Young's inequality and its converse: A simple proof
• An inverse theorem for the uniformity seminorms associated with the action of \(\mathbb F_p^\infty\)
• Convergence of Conze-Lesigne averages
• Low-degree tests at large distances
• Parallelepipeds, nilpotent groups and Gowers norms
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• The Norm of the L p -Fourier Transform on Unimodular Groups
• A point of view on Gowers uniformity norms
• Pointwise convergence of ergodic averages for polynomial sequences of translations on a nilmanifold
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• AN INVERSE THEOREM FOR THE GOWERS $U^3(G)$ NORM
• An inverse theorem for the Gowers \(U^{s+1}[N]\)-norm
• Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization.. Algorithms and Techniques
• The inverse conjecture for the Gowers norm over finite fields via the correspondence principle
• Analysis of two step nilsequences

Cited In (20)

• An inverse theorem for the uniformity seminorms associated with the action of \(\mathbb F_p^\infty\)
• On the Liouville function at polynomial arguments
• Near-extremizers of Young's inequality for Euclidean groups
• Parallelepipeds, nilpotent groups and Gowers norms
• Subsets of Euclidean space with nearly maximal Gowers norms
• On uniformity of q‐multiplicative sequences
• A continuous model for systems of complexity 2 on simple abelian groups
• On the Gowers norms of certain functions
• Large values of the additive energy in and
• A removal lemma for linear configurations in subsets of the circle
• Adjoint Brascamp-Lieb inequalities
• Some open problems on multiple ergodic averages
• Functions of nearly maximal Gowers-Host-Kra norms on Euclidean spaces
• A view on multiple recurrence
• A point of view on Gowers uniformity norms
• Fourier duality in the Brascamp–Lieb inequality
• Additive energy of regular measures in one and higher dimensions, and the fractal uncertainty principle
• (Uniform) convergence of twisted ergodic averages
• A Szemerédi-type theorem for subsets of the unit cube
• Gowers norms for the Thue-Morse and Rudin-Shapiro sequences

This page was built for publication: Large values of the Gowers-Host-Kra seminorms

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q351328)