Characterization of tangent cones of noncollapsed limits with lower Ricci bounds and applications

DOI10.1007/S00039-012-0202-7MaRDI QIDQ352122zbMATHOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Tobias Holck Colding, Aaron Naber

Publication date 4 July 2013

Published in Geometric and Functional Analysis. GAFA (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1108.3244

zbMATH Keywords

stratificationGromov-Hausdorff limittangent conenoncollapsingRicci curvature bound

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Global Riemannian geometry, including pinching (53C20) Methods of global Riemannian geometry, including PDE methods; curvature restrictions (53C21) Global geometric and topological methods (à la Gromov); differential geometric analysis on metric spaces (53C23)

Abstract: Consider a limit space $(M_{a}lpha,g_{a}lpha,p_{a}lpha)stackrelGHightarrow(Y,d_Y,p)$, where the $M_{a}lph{a}^n$ have a lower Ricci curvature bound and are volume noncollapsed. The tangent cones of $Y$ at a point $pinY$ are known to be metric cones $C(X)$, however they need not be unique. Let $$ be the closed subset of compact metric spaces $X$ which arise as cross sections for the tangents cones of $Y$ at $p$. In this paper we study the properties of $$. In particular, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for an open smooth family $Omegaequiv(X_s,g_s)$ of closed manifolds to satisfy $$ for {it some} limit $Y$ and point $pinY$ as above, where $$ is the closure of $Omega$ in the set of metric spaces equipped with the Gromov-Hausdorff topology. We use this characterization to construct examples which exhibit fundamentally new behaviors. The first application is to construct limit spaces $(Y^n,d_Y,p)$ with $ngeq3$ such that at $p$ there exists for every $0leqkleqn-2$ a tangent cone at $p$ of the form $R{R}^{k}imesC(X^{n-k-1})$, where $X^{n-k-1}$ is a smooth manifold not isometric to the standard sphere. In particular, this is the first example which shows that a stratification of a limit space $Y$ based on the Euclidean behavior of tangent cones is not possible or even well defined. It is also the first example of a three dimensional limit space with nonunique tangent cones. The second application is to construct a limit space $(Y^5,d_Y,p)$, such that at $p$ the tangent cones are not only not unique, but not homeomorphic. Specifically, some tangent cones are homeomorphic to cones over $$ while others are homeomorphic to cones over $S{n}^4$.

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Cited in

(32)

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