Connected components of spaces of Morse functions with fixed critical points

Abstract: Let

M

be a smooth closed orientable surface and

F = F_{p, q, r}

be the space of Morse functions on

M

having exactly

p

critical points of local minima,

q g e 1

saddle critical points, and

r

critical points of local maxima, moreover all the points are fixed. Let

F_{f}

be the connected component of a function

f i n F

in

F

. By means of the winding number introduced by Reinhart (1960), a surjection

p i_{0} (F) o {m a t h b b Z}^{p + r - 1}

is constructed. In particular,

| p i_{0} (F) | = i n f t y

, and the Dehn twist about the boundary of any disk containing exactly two critical points, exactly one of which is a saddle point, does not preserve

F_{f}

. Let

m a t h s c r D

be the group of orientation preserving diffeomorphisms of

M

leaving fixed the critical points,

{m a t h s c r D}^{0}

be the connected component of

{m i d}_{M}

in

m a t h s c r D

, and

{m a t h s c r D}_{f} s u b s e t m a t h s c r D

the set of diffeomorphisms preserving

F_{f}

. Let

{m a t h s c r H}_{f}

be the subgroup of

{m a t h s c r D}_{f}

generated by

{m a t h s c r D}^{0}

and all diffeomorphisms

h i n m a t h s c r D

which preserve some functions

f_{1} i n F_{f}

, and let

{m a t h s c r H}_{f}^{m a b s}

be its subgroup generated

{m a t h s c r D}^{0}

and the Dehn twists about the components of level curves of functions

f_{1} i n F_{f}

. We prove that

{m a t h s c r H}_{f}^{m a b s} s u b s e t n e q {m a t h s c r D}_{f}

if

q g e 2

, and construct an epimorphism

{m a t h s c r D}_{f} / {m a t h s c r H}_{f}^{m a b s} o {m a t h b b Z}_{2}^{q - 1}

, by means of the winding number. A finite polyhedral complex

K = K_{p, q, r}

associated to the space

F

is defined. An epimorphism

m u : p i_{1} (K) o {m a t h s c r D}_{f} / {m a t h s c r H}_{f}

and finite generating sets for the groups

{m a t h s c r D}_{f} / {m a t h s c r D}^{0}

and

{m a t h s c r D}_{f} / {m a t h s c r H}_{f}

in terms of the 2-skeleton of the complex

K

are constructed.

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