Homoclinic type solutions for a semilinear elliptic PDE on ℝⁿ

DOI10.1002/CPA.3160451002MaRDI QIDQ4024747zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Vittorio Coti Zelati, Paul H. Rabinowitz

Publication date 10 February 1993

Published in Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1002/cpa.3160451002

zbMATH Keywords

existence homoclinic type solutions semilinear elliptic equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C37) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60)

Review text

The authors obtain existence results for a family of semilinear elliptic equations. Consider the equation \(-\Delta u+u=f(x,u)\), \(x\in\mathbb{R}^ n\), where \(f\) satisfies: \((\text{f}_ 1)\) \(f\in C^ 2(\mathbb{R}^ n\times\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})\); and \(f(x,z)\) is \(T_ i\)-periodic in \(x_ i\), \((\text{f}_ 2)\) \(f(x,0)=f_ u(x,0)=0\) for all \(x \in \mathbb{R}^ n\), \((\text{f}_ 3)\) there exist \(a_ 1,a_ 2>0\) and \(s>1\) \((s<(n+2)/(n- 2)\) if \(n>2)\) such that \(| f_ n(x,u)|\leq a_ 1+a_ 2 | u |^{s-1}\) for all \(x \in \mathbb{R}^ n\) and \(n \in \mathbb{R}\), \((\text{f}_ 4)\) there exists a \(\mu>2\) such that \(0<\mu F(x,u):=\mu\int^ u_ 0f(x,t)dt\leq f(x,u)u\) for all \(x \in \mathbb{R}^ n\) and \(u \neq 0\). The functional corresponding to the semilinear elliptic equation is \(I(u)={1 \over 2} \| u \|^ 2-\int_{\mathbb{R}^ n}F(x,u)dx\), and one seeks solutions of this equation in the space \(E=W^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^ n,\mathbb{R})\). Denote \(I^ a=\{u \in E;I(u) \leq a\}\), \(I_ a=\{u \in E;I(u) \geq a\}\), \(I^ b_ a=I_ a\cap I^ b\), where \(a,b \in \mathbb{R}\); \({\mathcal K}\) denotes the set of critical points \(u\) of \(I\) in \(E\), \({\mathcal K}^ b=I^ b \cap{\mathcal K}\), \({\mathcal K}^ b_ a =I^ b_ a \cap {\mathcal K}\), \({\mathcal K}(a)={\mathcal K}^ a_ a\). Let \(\Gamma=\{g \in C([0,1],E);\;g(0)=0,\;g(1) \in I^ 0\backslash \{0\}\}\) and \(c=\inf_{g \in \Gamma} \max_{t \in[0,1]}I(g(t))\); \(c\) is a positive critical value of \(I\). Suppose that the condition \[ \text{there exists } \alpha>0 \text{ such that } {\mathcal K}^{c+\alpha}/\mathbb{Z}^ n\text{ is a finite set}, \tag{*} \] holds. For \(A\subset E\) denote \(N_ r(A)=\{x \in E;\;\| x-A \| \leq r\}\). Proposition 2.6.5. asserts the existence of a finite subset \(A\) of \({\mathcal K}(c)\) having some properties. Let \({\mathcal M} (j_ 1,\dots, j_ k,A) = \{\sum^ k_{i=1}\tau_{ji}v_ i;\;v_ i \in A\}\), \({\mathcal M}^*(j_ 1,\dots,j_ k,A)= \bigcup_{\ell \in \mathbb{N}} {\mathcal M}(\ell_{j_ 1},\dots,\ell_{j_ k},A)\). Then there is an \(r_ k=r_ k(\alpha)\) and \(n=n_ 0(A,\alpha)\) such that if \(r \leq r_ k\), \(w \in \overline N_ r({\mathcal M}^*(j_ 1, \dots,j_ k, A))\cap{\mathcal K}\) then \(w \in {\mathcal K}_{kc-\alpha}^{kc+\alpha}\). The main result of this paper is that under \((\text{f}_ 1)-(\text{f}_ 4)\), \((*)\), and for any choice \(j_ 1,\dots,j_ k\) in \(\mathbb{Z}^ k\), with corresponding \(n_ 0(A,\alpha)\) as before, there is an \(r_ 0>0\) such that if \(r\in(0,r_ 0)\) we have \[ {\mathcal K}^{kc+\alpha}_{kc- \alpha}/\mathbb{Z}^ n\cap N_ r({\mathcal M} (\ell_{j_ 1}, \dots,\ell_{j_ k},A)) \neq \emptyset \] for all but finitely many \(\ell\in\mathbb{N}\).

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Homoclinic type solutions for a semilinear elliptic PDE on ℝn

Homoclinic type solutions for a semilinear elliptic PDE on ℝⁿ