scientific article; zbMATH DE number 124551
[For the entire collection see Zbl 0745.00052.] For an integer \(N \geq 1\), let \(J_ 0(N)_ \mathbb{Q}\) be the Jacobian variety of the modular curve \(X_ 0(N)_ \mathbb{Q}\) which parametrizes elliptic curves together with a cyclic subgroup of order \(N\). \(J_ 0 (N)_ \mathbb{Q}\) is an abelian variety over \(\mathbb{Q}\). The main purpose of this very well written paper is to compare two different ways of extending \(J_ 0(N)_ \mathbb{Q}\) to a group scheme over \(\mathbb{Z}\): First there is the Néron model \(J_ 0(N)\) which is smooth and separated, but whose mod \(p\) reduction has no obvious modular interpretation (in particular if \(p\) divides \(N)\). Secondly one can construct a model \(X_ 0(N)\) of \(X_ 0(N)_ \mathbb{Q}\) over \(\mathbb{Z}\) and then define \(\widetilde P\) as the kernel of the degree map \(\text{Pic}_{X_ 0(N)} \to \mathbb{Z}\). There is a natural homomorphism \(\widetilde P \to J_ 0(N)\) which on the connected component of 0 is an isomorphism for all primes \(p\) satisfying \(p \geq 5\) or \(p^ 2\not| N\). For such a prime \(p\) (i.e. \(N\) not divisible by \(p^ 2)\), the following results are obtained concerning the groups \(\Phi\) and \(\Phi'\) of connected components of \(J_ 0(N)\) and \(\widetilde P\), resp.: \(\Phi'\) is cyclic, \(\Phi/\Phi'\) is a torsion group of known exponent; \(\Phi\) is (as a Galois module) isomorphic with \(M^*/M\), where \(M\) is the character group of the maximal torus \(T\) in \(J_ 0(N)_ p\). Finally the Hecke correspondences on \(J_ 0(N)\) and their action on \(T\) are studied explicitly.
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