scientific article; zbMATH DE number 125579
[For the entire collection see Zbl 0746.00069.] Here is the entire introduction: A Fuchsian group is a discrete subgroup of \(\text{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})\) and two such groups \(\Gamma_1\), \(\Gamma_2\) are commensurable if and only if the intersection \(\Gamma_1\cap \Gamma_2\) is of finite index in both \(\Gamma_1\) and \(\Gamma_2\). In this paper, we determine when two two-generator Fuchsian groups of finite covolume are commensurable and in addition, the relationship between two such groups, by obtaining part of the lattice of a commensurability class which contains one representative from each conjugacy class, in \(\text{PGL}_2(\mathbb{R})\), of two-generator groups. By the result of Margulis [see e.g. \textit{R. Zimmer}: Ergodic theory and semisimple groups (1984; Zbl 0571.58015)] that a non-arithmetic commensurability class contains a unique maximal member, the non-arithmetic cases reduce to a compilation of earlier results on determining which two-generator Fuchsian groups occur as subgroups of finite index in other two-generator Fuchsian groups [\textit{E. Schulenberg}: Abh. Math. Semin. Hansische Univ. 13, 144-199 (1939; Zbl 0021.21103)], [\textit{D. Singerman}: J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 6, 29-38 (1972; Zbl 0251.20052)], [the second author: Ill. J. Math. 22, 404-413 (1978; Zbl 0382.20039)]. For the arithmetic cases, all two-generator arithmetic Fuchsian groups have been determined [\textit{K. Takeuchi}: J. Math. Soc. Jap. 29, 91-106 (1977; Zbl 0344.20035)], [\textit{K. Takeuchi}: J. Math. Soc. Jap. 35, 381-407 (1983; Zbl 0517.20022)], [the authors: Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 93, 383-391 (1983; Zbl 0513.20034)] and one can immediately read off when two such groups are commensurable from the structure of the corresponding quaternion algebra [see e.g. [\((*)\) \textit{K. Takeuchi}: J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. I A 24, 201-212 (1977; Zbl 0365.20055)]. The relationship between such groups is more difficult to determine and we utilize structure theorems for arithmetic Fuchsian groups [\textit{A. Borel}: Ann. Sc. Norm. Super Pisa, Cl. Sci., IV. Ser. 8, 1-3 (1981; Zbl 0473.57003)], [\textit{M.-F. Vignéras}: Arithmétique des algèbres de quaternions (1980; Zbl 0422.12008)]. The relationship between arithmetic triangle groups was determined in [\((*)\)]. This paper offers a summary of the new complete solution of the problem of the title. Though few proofs are given (and are often not sketched), there is an excellent bibliography referenced at appropriate stages. There are fine lattice diagrams (of groups), well organized summaries. So, while the paper is not self-contained, it is supremely useful.
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