The word problem for some uncountable groups given by countable words

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2011.10.003zbMATH Open1250.57002arXiv1103.0725OpenAlexW2963744629MaRDI QIDQ409486FDOQ409486

Oleg Bogopolski, Andreas Zastrow

Publication date: 13 April 2012

Published in: Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We investigate the fundamental group of Griffiths' space, and the first singular homology group of this space and of the Hawaiian Earring by using (countable) reduced tame words. We prove that two such words represent the same element in the corresponding group if and only if they can be carried to the same tame word by a finite number of word transformations from a given list. This enables us to construct elements with special properties in these groups. By applying this method we prove that the two homology groups contain uncountably many different elements that can be represented by infinite concatenations of countably many commutators of loops. As another application we give a short proof that these homology groups contain the direct sum of 2^{aleph_0} copies of mathbb{Q}. Finally, we show that the fundamental group of Griffith's space contains mathbb{Q}.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1103.0725

zbMATH Keywords

fundamental groupGriffiths' spaceHawaiian Earringsingular homology groupword problem for uncountable groups

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Singular homology and cohomology theory (55N10) Fundamental group, presentations, free differential calculus (57M05) Topological spaces and generalizations (closure spaces, etc.) (54A05)

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Cited In (14)

• Cycle decompositions: from graphs to continua
• An uncountable homology group, where each element is an infinite product of commutators
• Embeddings of locally compact abelian \(p\)-groups in Hawaiian groups
• On the Abelianization of Certain Topologist’s Products
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