On semilocally simply connected spaces

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2010.11.017MaRDI QIDQ624405zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Hanspeter Fischer, Ziga Virk, Andreas Zastrow, Dušan Repovš

Publication date 9 February 2011

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.0993

zbMATH Keywords

fundamental groupgeneralized universal covering spacehomotopically Hausdorff spacesinverse limitsemilocal simple connectivityshape injectivitySpanier group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Connected and locally connected spaces (general aspects) (54D05) Pathological topological spaces (54G15) Homotopy groups, general; sets of homotopy classes (55Q05) Shape groups (55Q07) Covering spaces and low-dimensional topology (57M10)

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is: (i) to construct a space which is semilocally simply connected in the sense of Spanier even though its Spanier group is non-trivial; (ii) to propose a modification of the notion of a Spanier group so that via the modified Spanier group semilocal simple connectivity can be characterized; and (iii) to point out that with just a slightly modified definition of semilocal simple connectivity which is sometimes also used in literature, the classical Spanier group gives the correct characterization within the general class of path-connected topological spaces. While the condition "semilocally simply connected" plays a crucial role in classical covering theory, in generalized covering theory one needs to consider the condition "homotopically Hausdorff" instead. The paper also discusses which implications hold between all of the abovementioned conditions and, via the modified Spanier groups, it also unveils the weakest so far known algebraic characterization for the existence of generalized covering spaces as introduced by Fischer and Zastrow. For most of the implications, the paper also proves the non-reversibility by providing the corresponding examples. Some of them rely on spaces that are newly constructed in this paper.

Review text

By the statement which immediately precedes Corollary 2.5.14 in \textit{E. H. Spanier}'s book ``Algebraic Topology (1995; Zbl 0810.55001) the authors understand the following assertion: \(\clubsuit\) A based space \((X,x_0)\) is semilocally 1-connected if and only if there exists an open covering \(\mathfrak U\) of \(X\) such that \(\pi(\mathfrak U, x_0)=0\). The group \(\pi(\mathfrak U,x_0)\) is a subgroup of the fundamental group of \((X,x_0)\) and is called the Spanier group of the covering. It turns out that this assertion is only true for locally path connected spaces. The authors construct an example of a space which is not locally path connected for which \(\clubsuit\) is not true. In addition the authors 1) introduce a modification of the Spanier group so that \(\clubsuit\) holds (for all spaces) with this modified Spanier group and 2) They introduce a modification of the notion of semi locally 1-connectedness, such that with this concept \(\clubsuit\) holds for all spaces.

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Cited in

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