On fundamental groups with the quotient topology

DOI10.1007/S40062-013-0042-7zbMATH Open1311.55018arXiv1304.6453OpenAlexW1982494046MaRDI QIDQ2018829FDOQ2018829

Authors: Paul Fabel, Jeremy Thomas Brazas 

Publication date: 25 March 2015

Published in: Journal of Homotopy and Related Structures (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The quasitopological fundamental group $p{i}_1^{qtop}(X,x_0)$ is the fundamental group endowed with the natural quotient topology inherited from the space of based loops and is typically non-discrete when $X$ does not admit a traditional universal cover. This topologized fundamental group is an invariant of homotopy type which has the ability to distinguish weakly homotopy equivalent and shape equivalent spaces. In this paper, we clarify various relationships among topological properties of the group $p{i}_1^{qtop}(X,x_0)$ and properties of the underlying space $X$ such as `$p{i}_1$-shape injectivity' and `homotopically path-Hausdorff.' A space $X$ is $p{i}_1$-shape injective if the fundamental group canonically embeds in the first shape group so that the elements of $p{i}_1(X,x_0)$ can be represented as sequences in an inverse limit. We show a locally path connected metric space $X$ is $p{i}_1$-shape injective if and only if $p{i}_1^{qtop}(X,x_0)$ is invariantly separated in the sense that the intersection of all open invariant (i.e. normal) subgroups is the trivial subgroup. In the case that $X$ is not $p{i}_1$-shape injective, the homotopically path-Hausdorff property is useful for distinguishing homotopy classes of loops and guarantees the existence of certain generalized covering maps. We show that a locally path connected space $X$ is homotopically path-Hausdorff if and only if $p{i}_1^{qtop}(X,x_0)$ satisfies the $T_1$ separation axiom.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.6453

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zbMATH Keywords

fundamental groupquasitopological groupshape groupseparation properties

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Topological groups (topological aspects) (54H11) Homotopy groups of special spaces (55Q52) Homotopy groups, general; sets of homotopy classes (55Q05) Shape groups (55Q07)

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Cited In (30)

• On topologized fundamental groups with small loop transfer viewpoints
• Thin loop groups
• On quasi-small loop groups
• Some results in quasitopological homotopy groups
• A new version of homotopical Hausdorff
• On the topological fundamental groups of quotient spaces
• Infinitary commutativity and abelianization in fundamental groups
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• Small loop transfer spaces with respect to subgroups of fundamental groups
• Test map characterizations of local properties of fundamental groups
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• Fibrations, unique path lifting, and continuous monodromy
• On definable subgroups of the fundamental group
• On strong small loop transfer spaces relative to subgroups of fundamental groups
• Fundamental group of a geometric invariant theoretic quotient
• On the failure of the first Čech homotopy group to register geometrically relevant fundamental group elements
• Topological fundamental groups can distinguish spaces with isomorphic homotopy groups
• A natural pseudometric on homotopy groups of metric spaces
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