The fundamental group as a topological group

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2012.10.015MaRDI QIDQ1928429zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jeremy Thomas Brazas

Publication date 3 January 2013

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.3972

zbMATH Keywords

free topological group, topological fundamental grouptopological group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Topological groups (topological aspects) (54H11) Fundamental group, presentations, free differential calculus (57M05)

Abstract: This paper is devoted to the study of a natural group topology on the fundamental group which remembers local properties of spaces forgotten by covering space theory and weak homotopy type. It is known that viewing the fundamental group as the quotient of the loop space often fails to result in a topological group; we use free topological groups to construct a topology which promotes the fundamental group of any space to topological group structure. The resulting invariant, denoted $p{i}_1^{au}$, takes values in the category of topological groups, can distinguish spaces with isomorphic fundamental groups, and agrees with the quotient fundamental group precisely when the quotient topology yields a topological group. Most importantly, this choice of topology allows us to naturally realize free topological groups and pushouts of topological groups as fundamental groups via topological analogues of classical results in algebraic topology.

Review text

In this paper, a natural group topology on the fundamental group \(\pi_1(X,x_0)\) is obtained. The fundamental group as the quotient of the loop space \(\Omega (X,x_0)\) with the compact open topology is not always a topological group. Here free (Markov) topological groups are used to produce a topology such that the fundamental group is a topological group. The \textit{free (Markov) topological group} \(F_M(Y)\) on a space \(F\) is a topological group with a continuous map \(\sigma: Y\rightarrow F_M(Y)\) satisfying the universal property in topological groups. The natural function \(\Omega(X,x_0)\rightarrow \pi_1(X,x_0)\) defines a functor \({\pi_1}^{qtop}: hTop_*\rightarrow qTopGrp\) from the homotopy category of based spaces to the category of quasitopological groups. A \textit{group with topology} \(G\) is a group with a topology but not necessarily a topological group. Let \(GrpwTop\) be the category of groups with topology and continuous maps. Using free topological groups a functor \(\tau: GrpwTop\rightarrow TopGrp\) is obtained, where \(TopGrp\) is the category of topological groups. Since the category \(qTopGrp\) is a subcategory of \(GrpwTop\), the composition \(hTop_*\rightarrow TopGrp\) of the functors \({\pi_1}^{qtop}\) and \(\tau\) is well defined. This functor assigns to a based space \(X\) a topological group \({\pi_1}^{\tau}(X)\) whose underlying group is \({\pi_1}(X)\). This topological group is a quotient of the free topological group \(F_M({\pi_1}^{qtop}(X))\).

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Cited in

(40)

• What is the fundamental group?
• Generalization of the notion of fundamental group
• On the discontinuity of the \(\pi_1\)-action
• Small loop transfer spaces with respect to subgroups of fundamental groups
• Ultrametrics on Čech homology groups
• On fundamental groups with the quotient topology
• Some results in quasitopological homotopy groups
• On first countable quasitopological homotopy groups
• The fundamental groupoid as a topological groupoid: Lasso topology
• On the topological fundamental groups of quotient spaces
• On topologized fundamental groups with small loop transfer viewpoints
• A new topology on the universal path space
• On the topological dynamics of dynamical manifolds and their fundamental group
• Free quasitopological groups
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• A core-free semicovering of the Hawaiian earring
• Fundamental groups as limits of discrete fundamental groups
• Thick Spanier groups and the first shape group
• Topological coarse shape homotopy groups
• Category of H-groups
• Singular chains and the fundamental group
• On subgroup topologies on fundamental groups
• A study fundamental groups through a functor
• Topological realisations of absolute Galois groups
• Test map characterizations of local properties of fundamental groups
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• A kind of characterization of homeomorphism and homeomorphic spaces by Core fundamental groupoid: a good invariant
• A natural pseudometric on homotopy groups of metric spaces
• The topological fundamental group and free topological groups
• The universal Lipschitz path space of the Heisenberg group \(\mathbb{H}^1\)
• Inverse limits of covering spaces
• Comparison of topologies on fundamental groups with subgroup topology viewpoint
• On topological shape homotopy groups
• The fundamental groupoid as a terminal costack

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