Krawtchouk polynomials, the Lie algebra sl₂, and Leonard pairs

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2012.02.006MaRDI QIDQ417601zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Kazumasa Nomura, Paul Terwilliger

Publication date 14 May 2012

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1201.1645

zbMATH Keywords

Krawtchouk polynomialsLeonard pair

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Combinatorial aspects of representation theory (05E10) Representations of Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras, algebraic theory (weights) (17B10) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45)

Abstract: A Leonard pair is a pair of diagonalizable linear transformations of a finite-dimensional vector space, each of which acts in an irreducible tridiagonal fashion on an eigenbasis for the other one. In the present paper we give an elementary but comprehensive account of how the following are related: (i) Krawtchouk polynomials; (ii) finite-dimensional irreducible modules for the Lie algebra $mathfrak{sl}_2$; (iii) a class of Leonard pairs said to have Krawtchouk type. Along the way we obtain elementary proofs of some well-known facts about Krawtchouk polynomials, such as the three-term recurrence, the orthogonality, the difference equation, and the generating function. The paper is a tutorial meant for a graduate student or a researcher unfamiliar with the above topics.

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Cited in

(25)

• A \(Q\)-polynomial structure for the attenuated space poset \(\mathcal{A}_q (N, M)\)
• Leonard pairs and Leonard triples of \(q\)-Racah type from the quantum algebra \(U_q(sl_2)\)
• Near-bipartite Leonard pairs
• The Clebsch-Gordan rule for \(U(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\), the Krawtchouk algebras and the Hamming graphs
• Spectrum and eigenvectors for a class of tridiagonal matrices
• Totally bipartite Leonard pairs and totally bipartite Leonard triples of \(q\)-Racah type
• Leonard pairs from the equitable basis of sl2
• Compatibility and companions for Leonard pairs
• Using a Grassmann graph to recover the underlying projective geometry
• Double lowering operators on polynomials
• Dual polar graphs, the quantum algebra \(U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_{2})\), and Leonard systems of dual \(q\)-Krawtchouk type
• Tridiagonal pairs of Krawtchouk type arising from finite-dimensional irreducible \(\mathfrak{so}_4\)-modules
• Leonard triples of Krawtchouk type
• Representations of \(sl(2)\) in the Boolean lattice, and the Hamming and Johnson schemes
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