Compatibility and companions for Leonard pairs

zbMATH Open1498.15017MaRDI QIDQ5869484FDOQ5869484

Authors Kazumasa Nomura, Paul Terwilliger 

Publication date 28 September 2022

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.13326

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zbMATH Keywords

compatibilityLeonard systemparameter arraycompanionbond relation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Association schemes, strongly regular graphs (05E30) Canonical forms, reductions, classification (15A21) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05) Linear transformations, semilinear transformations (15A04)

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the concepts of compatibility and companion for Leonard pairs. These concepts are roughly described as follows. Let $mathbbF$ denote a field, and let $V$ denote a vector space over $mathbbF$ with finite positive dimension. A Leonard pair on $V$ is an ordered pair of diagonalizable $mathbbF$-linear maps $A:VoV$ and $A^{\ast }:VoV$ that each act in an irreducible tridiagonal fashion on an eigenbasis for the other one. Leonard pairs $A,A^{\ast }$ and $B,B^{\ast }$ on $V$ are said to be compatible whenever $A^{\ast }=B^{\ast }$ and $[A,A^{\ast }]=[B,B^{\ast }]$, where $[r,s]=rs-sr$. For a Leonard pair $A,A^{\ast }$ on $V$, by a companion of $A,A^{\ast }$ we mean an $mathbbF$-linear map $K:VoV$ such that $K$ is a polynomial in $A^{\ast }$ and $A-K,A^{\ast }$ is a Leonard pair on $V$. The concepts of compatibility and companion are related as follows. For compatible Leonard pairs $A,A^{\ast }$ and $B,B^{\ast }$ on $V$, define $K=A-B$. Then $K$ is a companion of $A,A^{\ast }$. For a Leonard pair $A,A^{\ast }$ on $V$ and a companion $K$ of $A,A^{\ast }$, define $B=A-K$ and $B^{\ast }=A^{\ast }$. Then $B,B^{\ast }$ is a Leonard pair on $V$ that is compatible with $A,A^{\ast }$. Let $A,A^{\ast }$ denote a Leonard pair on $V$. We find all the Leonard pairs $B,B^{\ast }$ on $V$ that are compatible with $A,A^{\ast }$. For each solution $B,B^{\ast }$ we describe the corresponding companion $K=A-B$.

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Cited in

(1)

• Near-bipartite Leonard pairs

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