Tridiagonal pairs of q-Racah type

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2009.04.008zbMATH Open1177.33021arXiv0807.0271OpenAlexW1984113492MaRDI QIDQ837039FDOQ837039

Authors: Tatsuro Ito, Paul Terwilliger 

Publication date: 10 September 2009

Published in: Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let $K$ denote an algebraically closed field and let $V$ denote a vector space over $K$ with finite positive dimension. We consider a pair of linear transformations $A:VoV$ and $A^{*}:VoV$ that satisfy the following conditions: (i) each of $A,A^{*}$ is diagonalizable; (ii) there exists an ordering $lbrace{V}_{i}brac{e}_{i=0}^d$ of the eigenspaces of $A$ such that $A^{*}{V}_{i}subseteq{V}_{i-1}+V_i+V_{i+1}$ for $0leqileqd$, where $V_{-1}=0$ and $V_{d+1}=0$; (iii) there exists an ordering $lbrace{V}_i^{\ast }brac{e}_{i=0}^{d}elta$ of the eigenspaces of $A^{\ast }$ such that $A{V}_i^{*}subseteq{V}_{i-1}^{*}+V_i^{*}+V_{i+1}^{*}$ for $0leqileqdelta$, where $V_{-1}^{*}=0$ and $V_{delta+1}^{*}=0$; (iv) there is no subspace $W$ of $V$ such that $AWsubseteqW$, $A^{\ast }WsubseteqW$, $Weq0$, $WeqV$. We call such a pair a {it tridiagonal pair} on $V$. It is known that $d=delta$. For $0leqileqd$ let $het{a}_i$ (resp. $het{a}_i^{\ast }$) denote the eigenvalue of $A$ (resp. $A^{\ast }$) associated with $V_i$ (resp. $V_i^{*}$). The pair $A,A^{*}$ is said to have {it $q$-Racah type} whenever $het{a}_i=a+b{q}^{2i-d}+c{q}^{d-2i}$ and $het{a}_i^{\ast }=a^{\ast }+b^{\ast }{q}^{2i-d}+c^{\ast }{q}^{d-2i}$ for $0leqileqd$, where $q,a,b,c,a^{\ast },b^{\ast },c^{\ast }$ are scalars in $K$ with $q,b,c,b^{\ast },c^{\ast }$ nonzero and $q^{2}otinlbrace1,-1brace$. This type is the most general one. We classify up to isomorphism the tridiagonal pairs over $K$ that have $q$-Racah type. Our proof involves the representation theory of the quantum affine algebra $U_q(widehat{mathfraksl}_2)$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0807.0271

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zbMATH Keywords

tridiagonal pairLeonard pair\(q\)-Racah polynomial

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Association schemes, strongly regular graphs (05E30) Canonical forms, reductions, classification (15A21) Quantum groups (quantized enveloping algebras) and related deformations (17B37) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45)

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