Tridiagonal pairs of Krawtchouk type

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2007.07.014MaRDI QIDQ2459967zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Tatsuro Ito, Paul Terwilliger

Publication date 9 November 2007

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1065

zbMATH Keywords

bilinear formeigenvaluesKrawtchouk type tridiagonal pairLeonard pairtetrahedron Lie algebratridiagonal pair

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Eigenvalues, singular values, and eigenvectors (15A18) Canonical forms, reductions, classification (15A21) Quadratic and bilinear forms, inner products (15A63)

Abstract: Let $K$ denote an algebraically closed field with characteristic 0 and let $V$ denote a vector space over $K$ with finite positive dimension. Let $A,A^{\ast }$ denote a tridiagonal pair on $V$ with diameter $d$. We say that $A,A^{\ast }$ has Krawtchouk type whenever the sequence $lbraced-2ibrac{e}_{i=0}^d$ is a standard ordering of the eigenvalues of $A$ and a standard ordering of the eigenvalues of $A^{\ast }$. Assume $A,A^{\ast }$ has Krawtchouk type. We show that there exists a nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form $<,>$ on $V$ such that $<Au,v>=<u,Av>$ and $<A^{\ast }u,v>=<u,A^{\ast }v>$ for $u,vinV$. We show that the following tridiagonal pairs are isomorphic: (i) $A,A^{\ast }$; (ii) $-A,-A^{\ast }$; (iii) $A^{\ast },A$; (iv) $-A^{\ast },-A$. We give a number of related results and conjectures.

Review text

Let \(V\) be a vector space over an algebraically closed field with characteristic \(0\). A tridiagonal pair \(A\), \(A^*\) on \(V\) with diameter \(d\) is of Krawtchouk type if the finite sequence \(\{d-2i\}\) \((i= 0,\dots,d)\) is a standard ordering of the eigenvalues of \(A\) and also of those of \(A^*\). The authors show that, if this holds, there exists a nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form \(\langle\;,\;\rangle\) on \(V\) such that \(\langle Au,v\rangle=\langle u, Av\rangle\) and \(\langle A^*u,v\rangle=\langle u, A^*v\rangle\) for \(u,v\in V\), and that the following four tridiagonal pairs are isomorphic: \(A,A^*\); \(-A,-A^*\); \(A^*,A\); \(-A^*,-A\). The authors close with a number of related results and conjectures.

Recommendations

• The structure of a tridiagonal pair
• Leonard triples of Krawtchouk type
• Sharp tridiagonal pairs
• The shape of a tridiagonal pair.
• Tridiagonal pairs of \(q\)-Racah type and the \(\mu \)-conjecture

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