The structure of a tridiagonal pair

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2008.04.042MaRDI QIDQ947628zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Kazumasa Nomura, Paul Terwilliger

Publication date 6 October 2008

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0802.1096

\(q\)-racah polynomial Leonard pair orthogonal polynomial tridiagonal pair

Association schemes, strongly regular graphs (05E30) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Basic orthogonal polynomials and functions (Askey-Wilson polynomials, etc.) (33D45)

Abstract: Let

K

denote a field and let

V

denote a vector space over

K

with finite positive dimension. We consider a pair of linear transformations

A : V o V

and

A^{*} : V o V

that satisfy the following conditions: (i) each of

A, A^{*}

is diagonalizable; (ii) there exists an ordering

{V_{i}}_{i = 0}^{d}

of the eigenspaces of

A

such that

A^{*} V_{i} s u b s e t e q V_{i - 1} + V_{i} + V_{i + 1}

for

0 l e q i l e q d

, where

V_{- 1} = 0

and

V_{d + 1} = 0

; (iii) there exists an ordering

{V_{i}^{*}}_{i = 0}^{d} e l t a

of the eigenspaces of

A^{*}

such that

A V_{i}^{*} s u b s e t e q V_{i - 1}^{*} + V_{i}^{*} + V_{i + 1}^{*}

for

0 l e q i l e q d e l t a

, where

V_{- 1}^{*} = 0

and

V_{d e l t a + 1}^{*} = 0

; (iv)there is no subspace

W

of

V

such that

A W s u b s e t e q W

,

A^{*} W s u b s e t e q W

,

W e q 0

,

W e q V

. We call such a pair a tridiagonal pair on

V

. It is known that

d = d e l t a

and for

0 l e q i l e q d

the dimensions of

V_{i}, V_{d - i}, V_{i}^{*}, V_{d - i}^{*}

coincide. In this paper we show that the following (i)--(iv) hold provided that

K

is algebraically closed: (i) Each of

V_{0}

,

V_{0}^{*}

,

V_{d}

,

V_{d}^{*}

has dimension 1. (ii) There exists a nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form

(,)

on

V

such that

(A u, v) = (u, A v)

and

(A^{*} u, v) = (u, A^{*} v)

for all

u, v i n V

. (iii) There exists a unique anti-automorphism of

E n d (V)

that fixes each of

A, A^{*}

. (iv) The pair

A, A^{*}

is determined up to isomorphism by the data

({h_{i}}_{i = 0}^{d}; {h_{i}^{*}}_{i = 0}^{d}; {z e t a_{i}}_{i = 0}^{d})

, where

h_{i}

(resp.

h_{i}^{*}

) is the eigenvalue of

A

(resp.

A^{*}

) on

V_{i}

(resp.

V_{i}^{*}

), and

{z e t a_{i}}_{i = 0}^{d}

is the split sequence of

A, A^{*}

corresponding to

{h_{i}}_{i = 0}^{d}

and

{h_{i}^{*}}_{i = 0}^{d}

.

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