The structure of a tridiagonal pair

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2008.04.042MaRDI QIDQ947628zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Kazumasa Nomura, Paul Terwilliger

Publication date 6 October 2008

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0802.1096

orthogonal polynomial tridiagonal pair Leonard pair \(q\)-racah polynomial

Association schemes, strongly regular graphs (05E30) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Basic orthogonal polynomials and functions (Askey-Wilson polynomials, etc.) (33D45)

Abstract: Let

K

denote a field and let

V

denote a vector space over

K

with finite positive dimension. We consider a pair of linear transformations

A : V o V

and

A^{*} : V o V

that satisfy the following conditions: (i) each of

A, A^{*}

is diagonalizable; (ii) there exists an ordering

{V_{i}}_{i = 0}^{d}

of the eigenspaces of

A

such that

A^{*} V_{i} s u b s e t e q V_{i - 1} + V_{i} + V_{i + 1}

for

0 l e q i l e q d

, where

V_{- 1} = 0

and

V_{d + 1} = 0

; (iii) there exists an ordering

{V_{i}^{*}}_{i = 0}^{d} e l t a

of the eigenspaces of

A^{*}

such that

A V_{i}^{*} s u b s e t e q V_{i - 1}^{*} + V_{i}^{*} + V_{i + 1}^{*}

for

0 l e q i l e q d e l t a

, where

V_{- 1}^{*} = 0

and

V_{d e l t a + 1}^{*} = 0

; (iv)there is no subspace

W

of

V

such that

A W s u b s e t e q W

,

A^{*} W s u b s e t e q W

,

W e q 0

,

W e q V

. We call such a pair a tridiagonal pair on

V

. It is known that

d = d e l t a

and for

0 l e q i l e q d

the dimensions of

V_{i}, V_{d - i}, V_{i}^{*}, V_{d - i}^{*}

coincide. In this paper we show that the following (i)--(iv) hold provided that

K

is algebraically closed: (i) Each of

V_{0}

,

V_{0}^{*}

,

V_{d}

,

V_{d}^{*}

has dimension 1. (ii) There exists a nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form

(,)

on

V

such that

(A u, v) = (u, A v)

and

(A^{*} u, v) = (u, A^{*} v)

for all

u, v i n V

. (iii) There exists a unique anti-automorphism of

E n d (V)

that fixes each of

A, A^{*}

. (iv) The pair

A, A^{*}

is determined up to isomorphism by the data

({h_{i}}_{i = 0}^{d}; {h_{i}^{*}}_{i = 0}^{d}; {z e t a_{i}}_{i = 0}^{d})

, where

h_{i}

(resp.

h_{i}^{*}

) is the eigenvalue of

A

(resp.

A^{*}

) on

V_{i}

(resp.

V_{i}^{*}

), and

{z e t a_{i}}_{i = 0}^{d}

is the split sequence of

A, A^{*}

corresponding to

{h_{i}}_{i = 0}^{d}

and

{h_{i}^{*}}_{i = 0}^{d}

.

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